The Biosynthesis of Sterols

Myant, N. B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-433-22880-6.50011-4

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Some of the terpenoids found in A. quercifolia rhizomes are commonly found in plants, including some phytosterols found in our previous works [ 32 , 38 ]. Cycloartane triterpenoids’ natural occurrence is also vast through the plant kingdom [ 39 ], being cycloartenol the most recognized due to its rule in the phytosterols biosynthesis [ 40 ] and consequently in the regulation of important plant functions [ 41 ]. The occurrence of this type of triterpenoids in A. quercifolia rhizomes ( Table 3 ) may explain the effect that the rhizome intake promotes on young moms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds a Wild Fern Used in Timorese Cuisine

Costa

Simão

Silva

et al. 2021

Foods

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Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds is an extensively used species in traditional medicinal systems in several areas of the world due to some important medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In East Timor, different parts of this fern are used either as remedies or as food. The ingestion of a broth made from its rhizome improves lactation, and young fronds of this fern are boiled and eaten with rice by the locals. Nevertheless, its chemical profile is far from being established. The present work aims to establish the chemical profile of both rhizomes and leaves n-hexane extracts by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the leaves richness in fatty acids with interesting nutritional values (ω−6/ω−3 = 0.68, AI = 0.59, TI = 0.30), being linolenic acid (253.71 ± 0.93 mg/g dry leaves) and palmitic acid (237.27 ± 0.59 mg/g dry leaves) the significant compounds in the extract. Whereas the rhizome extract is mostly rich in terpenoids, such as steroid, cycloartane, and hopanoid derivatives, being hop-16-ene (166.45 ± 0.53 mg/g dry rhizome) and β-sitosterol (50.76 ± 0.11 mg/g dry rhizome) the major compounds. Several compounds are reported for the first time in the species, and the data herein reported contributes to confirming the species nutritional value.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds a Wild Fern Used in Timorese Cuisine

Costa

Simão

Silva

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…The causative link between excessive levels of blood-borne Chol, high-fat/high-Chol diets, and cardiovascular disease has been recognized since the 1950s (see ref. [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]). Hence, several pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Merck, Eli Lily, Boehringer-Mannheim, etc.)…”

Section: Ay9944 and The Development Of A Rat Model Of Slosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the discovery of cholesterol (Chol) by François Poulletier de la Salle in 1796 and its subsequent naming as “cholesterine” by Michel Eugène Chevreul in 1816 [ 1 ], the structure, biosynthesis, and biological functions of sterols have been the subject of extensive investigations [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Similarly, the study of oxysterols—oxidative derivatives of sterols—has emerged and evolved as a distinct research area of interest in chemistry, biology, and medicine [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxysterols and Retinal Degeneration in a Rat Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome: Implications for an Improved Therapeutic Intervention

Fliesler

2018

Molecules

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Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive human disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) reductase (DHCR7), resulting in abnormal accumulation of 7DHC and reduced levels of cholesterol in bodily tissues and fluids. A rat model of the disease has been created by treating normal rats with the DHCR7 inhibitor, AY9944, which causes progressive, irreversible retinal degeneration. Herein, we review the features of this disease model and the evidence linking 7DHC-derived oxysterols to the pathobiology of the disease, with particular emphasis on the associated retinal degeneration. A recent study has shown that treating the rat model with cholesterol plus suitable antioxidants completely prevents the retinal degeneration. These findings are discussed with regard to their translational implications for developing an improved therapeutic intervention for SLOS over the current standard of care.

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“…During peak lactation, the rat can produce up to 40 ml of milk per day (Munday Se Hardie 1987) containing around 25 mg chol¬ esterol (Myant 1981). Although it has been calculated that only 40% of rat milk cholesterol could originate by de novo synthesis within the mammary gland (Gibbins et al 1983), lactation still imposes a significant synthetic load on the tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of growth hormone on cholesterol metabolism in the lactating rat mammary gland

Shand

West²,

Flint³

1997

Journal of Endocrinology

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Lactating rats were treated for 48 h with bromocriptine (to inhibit prolactin release) or bromocriptine together with an antiserum to rat GH. Animals given the combined treatment were also supplemented concurrently with bovine GH (bGH) or human insulin-like growth factor-I (hIGF-I). The effects of these treatments on the activities of 3-methyl-3-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) and on the microsomal concentrations of non-esterified and esterified cholesterol were measured. Lack of prolactin decreased HMG-CoA reductase but did not affect ACAT, neutral CEH or the concentrations of microsomal cholesterol or cholesteryl esters. In the absence of both hormones, an even greater reduction in HMG-CoA reductase together with increases in ACAT, neutral CEH and both of the microsomal sterols were observed. Concurrent supplementation with either bGH or hIGF-I wholly or partially prevented the effects on HMG-CoA reductase but only bGH was active against the increase in ACAT. Neither bGH nor hIGF-I could prevent the effects of the anti-hormone treatment on neutral CEH, and the changes in ACAT and CEH activities were broadly reflected in the microsomal sterol concentrations. The results indicate that the cessation of lactation brings about rapid changes in the activities of the enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism within the mammary gland with a definite switch from synthesis to storage. Supplementation with bGH alone was sufficient to maintain cholesterol synthesis at control levels and could also significantly inhibit storage of the sterol as its ester. In the absence of GH, hIGF-I partially supported cholesterol synthesis but had no effect on its conversion to the ester. On a whole-tissue basis, enzyme activities could be correlated with the physiological effects of the anti-hormone treatments.

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The Biosynthesis of Sterols

Cited by 5 publications

References 89 publications

Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds a Wild Fern Used in Timorese Cuisine

Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds a Wild Fern Used in Timorese Cuisine

Oxysterols and Retinal Degeneration in a Rat Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome: Implications for an Improved Therapeutic Intervention

Effects of growth hormone on cholesterol metabolism in the lactating rat mammary gland

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