The biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine in Salmonella typhimurium☆

Bellion, Edward; Kirkley, David H.; Faust, Jerry R.

doi:10.1016/0304-4165(76)90364-0

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Then they are coupled to form thiamine phosphate (TP) [1,4]. In E. coli, the thiazole moiety is formed from DXP (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate), tyrosine and cysteine [5][6][7][8][9]. Five gene products (ThiF, ThiS, ThiG, ThiH and ThiI) are involved in this step [10][11][12][13][14] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AtTHIC, a gene involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kong

Zhu

et al. 2008

Cell Res

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Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential compound for organisms. It contains a pyrimidine ring structure and a thiazole ring structure. These two moieties of thiamine are synthesized independently and then coupled together. Here we report the molecular characterization of AtTHIC, which is involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. AtTHIC is similar to Escherichia coli ThiC, which is involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis in prokaryotes. Heterologous expression of AtTHIC could functionally complement the thiC knock-out mutant of E. coli. Downregulation of AtTHIC expression by T-DNA insertion at its promoter region resulted in a drastic reduction of thiamine content in plants and the knock-down mutant thic1 showed albino (white leaves) and lethal phenotypes under the normal culture conditions. The thic1 mutant could be rescued by supplementation of thiamine and its defect functions could be complemented by expression of AtTHIC cDNA. Transient expression analysis revealed that the AtTHIC protein targets plastids and chloroplasts. AtTHIC was strongly expressed in leaves, flowers and siliques and the transcription of AtTHIC was downregulated by extrinsic thiamine. In conclusion, AtTHIC is a gene involved in pyrimidine synthesis in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway of Arabidopsis, and our results provide some new clues for elucidating the pathway of thiamine biosynthesis in plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AtTHIC, a gene involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kong

Zhu

et al. 2008

Cell Res

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“…Extraction and isolationt of thiamin (ef Hitchcock & Walker, 1961;Johnson et al, 1966;David et al, 1967;Kumaoka & Brown, 1967;Bellion et al, 1976). The cells obtained by centrifugation as described above were heated on a steambath for 30min with 20ml of 0.1 M-HCI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that the pyrimidine (1) and thiazole (2) moieties are biosynthesized independently and are then joined to give thiamin (Scheme 1) (Leder, 1975 precursors either of the pyrimidine or of the thiazole moieties. Thus, in the case of the thiazole moiety, it has been reported that C-2 of the thiazole nucleus is derived respectively from the oa-carbon atom of tyrosine in Escherichia coli (Estramareix & Therisod, 1972) and Salmonella typhimurium (Bellion et al, 1976), from the S-methyl group of methionine in Bacillus suibtilis (Torrence & Tieckelmann, 1968) and Saccharomyces cerevi.siae (Johnson et al, 1966), and from C-2 of glycine, also in S. cerevisiae (Linnett & Walker, 1967).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is now confirmed that, in yeast, this carbon atom is derived from the methylene group of glycine (Linnett & Walker, 1967, 1969, and that, contrary fo previous reports (Johnson et al, 1966), the S-methyl group of methionine is not incorporated. Nor does the a-carbon atom of tyrosine, reportedly a source of C-2 of the thiazole nucleus in bacteria (Estramareix & Therisod, 1972;Bellion et al, 1976) (Patel & Miller, 1972) was as follows: Difco malt extract (3 g), Difco yeast extract (3 g), Difco peptone (5g), D-glucose (20g), KH2PO4 (1g), Difco Bactoagar (20g), water (1 litre). (ii) The composition of Sabouraud agar (Difco Manual, 1953) (Difco Manual, 1953) is: (NH4)2SO4 (5g), Bacto-dextrose (lOg), L-histidine monohydrochloride (10mg), , , boric acid (500,ug), CUSO4 (40,ug), KI (100,ag), FeCl3 (200ug), MnSO4 (400fug), Na2MoO4 (200,ug), ZnSO4 (400,ug), KH2PO4 (I g), MgSO4 (0.5 g), NaCI (0.1 g), CaC12 (0.1 g), and water (1 litre).…”

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Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

White¹,

Spenser²

1979

Biochemical Journal

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“…In facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, the thiazole is derived from tyrosine (17)(18)(19)) and 1-deoxy-d-xylurose-5-phosphate (20) and several enzymes are involved in thiazole synthesis (21)(22)(23)(24), while in aerobic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, glycine is used as a precursor instead of tyrosine (16). However, although the precursors (glycine and tyrosine) may be different, the enzymes concerned with thiazole synthesis are similar in all prokaryotes (25,26).…”

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The Biosynthesis of the Thiazole Moiety of Thiamin in the Archaeon <i>Halobacterium salinarum</i>

Hayashi

Kijima

Tazuya-Murayama

et al. 2015

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryThe biosynthetic pathways of the thiazole moiety of thiamin were studied in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum. Thiamin is generated by the union of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (pyrimidine) and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (thiazole). The biosynthesis of thiazole is different in facultative anaerobes, aerobes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, the C-4, -4′, -5, -5′ and -5″ of the thiazole is biosynthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), with cysteine as S donor and the C-2 and N atoms of glycine. In facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, the precursors of the thiazole are the N and C-2 atoms from tyrosine and C-4, -4′, -5, -5′ and -5″ from 1-deoxy-dxylurose-5-phosphate, again with cysteine as S donor. In aerobic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, l-tyrosine is replaced by glycine. In Archaea, known as the third domain of life, the biosynthetic pathway of thiamin has not yet been elucidated. In the present study in the archaeon H. salinarum, it was shown that both the N and C-2 from glycine are incorporated into the thiazole, rather than the N atom coming from l-tyrosine. These results show that thiazole biosynthesis in H. salinarum more closely resembles the biosynthetic pathway found in eukaryotes.

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The biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine in Salmonella typhimurium☆

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

AtTHIC, a gene involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

AtTHIC, a gene involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

The Biosynthesis of the Thiazole Moiety of Thiamin in the Archaeon <i>Halobacterium salinarum</i>

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