The bird book / A. J. R. Roberts

Roberts, Arthur J.; Roberts, Harry

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.32872

Cited by 79 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…This structural transition induced by gold(I) binding may have important consequences in signalling degradation of albumin and also in copper homeostasis in patients undergoing chrysotherapy, as histidine-3 is involved in the N-terminal copper binding site of albumin. Kinetic investigations of the reaction of albumin with auranofin show that the reaction is first order with respect to albumin but zero order with respect to auranofin (34), findings that are consistent with crevice-opening and exposure of cysteine-34 being the rate-limiting step (35). The rate of reaction of auranofin with albumin is fast implying that the intact drug has only a short half-life in plasma (a few seconds) (34).…”

Section: Interaction Of Gold(iii) With Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Kinetic investigations of the reaction of albumin with auranofin show that the reaction is first order with respect to albumin but zero order with respect to auranofin (34), findings that are consistent with crevice-opening and exposure of cysteine-34 being the rate-limiting step (35). The rate of reaction of auranofin with albumin is fast implying that the intact drug has only a short half-life in plasma (a few seconds) (34). The structural transition of albumin induced by gold drugs has also been observed by NMR studies of intact blood plasma (35).…”

Section: Interaction Of Gold(iii) With Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold drugs: Mechanism of action and toxicity

1996

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Gold drugs are still amongst the most efficacious for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Their mechanism of action, as well as the molecular basis of their side-effects, remain poorly understood. Current theories are reviewed, including recent potential breakthroughs. The interaction of gold(III) with peptides and proteins and its immunochemical implications are discussed.Ninety elements occur naturally on earth of which 9 are radioactive. Eighty-one elements are therefore potentially available to support life, of which 61 are metals. It is believed that about 25 are essential for human life but our knowledge of the biochemistry of several of these (e.g.V; Ni, Sn) is poor. In general, therefore, there is enormous scope for the use of inorganic compounds in medicine, and a need for research in this area. Metals currently used in medicine include gold in antiarthritic agents, platinum in anticancer drugs, lithium for manic depression, bismuth in anti-ulcer drugs, and silver and mercury in antimicrobial agents (1). The effectiveness of ruthenium complexes as anti-metastatic agents with potential use in cancer therapy is currently receiving much attention (2). However, the potential of inorganic metal compounds as drugs has yet to be fully explored. With the exception of platinum, which has attracted the most research efforts because of its importance in the therapy of some types of cancer, and which is now generally thought to be effective by interaction with DNA, the mechanism of action of other inorganic drugs is mostly unknown.One of the problems of inorganic drugs is their side-effects. For gold drugs used in the therapy of * Hypersensitivity is an adaptive immune response occurring in an exaggerated or inappropriate form causing tissue damage. It is a characteristic of the individual and is manifested on second contact with the particular antigen (in this case gold drugs). Delayed-type hypersensitivity takes more than 12 hours to develop and is mediated primarily by T cell and macrophages.

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Section: Interaction Of Gold(iii) With Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Interaction Of Gold(iii) With Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold drugs: Mechanism of action and toxicity

1996

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“…FemA and FemB are thought to each add two additional glycines, thereby synthesizing cross-bridges with three and five glycyl, respectively (29). It is conceivable that each Fem factor might recognize one of the three glycyl tRNA species (35,36). If so, one would predict that mutations in any one of the three glycyl tRNA genes should cause the same phenotype as the corresponding fem mutants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three glycyl tRNA species are dedicated to this biosynthetic pathway (33)(34)(35)(36). After being charged with amino acid, these tRNAs are thought to serve as substrate in a sequence of reactions that successively add glycine either directly to the ⑀-amino of lysyl or to the amino of another glycyl (31,34).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anchor Structure of Staphylococcal Surface Proteins

Ton‐That

Labischinski

Berger‐Bächi

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall by a mechanism requiring a COOH-terminal sorting signal with a conserved LPXTG motif. Cleavage between the threonine and the glycine of the LPXTG motif liberates the carboxyl of threonine to form an amide bond with the pentaglycyl cross-bridge in the staphylococcal peptidoglycan. Here, we asked whether altered peptidoglycan cross-bridges interfere with the sorting reaction and investigated surface protein anchoring in staphylococcal fem mutants. S. aureus strains carrying mutations in the femA, femB, femAB, or the femAX genes synthesize altered cross-bridges, and each of these strains displayed decreased sorting activity. Characterization of cell wall anchor structures purified from the fem mutants revealed that surface proteins were linked to cross-bridges containing one, three, or five glycyl residues, but not to the ⑀-amino of lysyl in muropeptides without glycine. When tested in a femAB strain synthesizing cross-bridges with mono-, tri-, and pentaglycyl as well as tetraglycyl-monoseryl, surface proteins were found anchored mostly to the five-residue cross-bridges (pentaglycyl or tetraglycyl-monoseryl). Thus, although wild-type peptidoglycan appears to be the preferred substrate for the sorting reaction, altered cell wall cross-bridges can be linked to the COOH-terminal end of surface proteins.

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“…But the work by other groups<'H 4 l, and our own preliminary investigation have suggested that fracture occurred by the extension of large pores and hence a large sized pore was more representative of pore size effect than the median sized pore proposed by Radford. In the present work, an attempt has been made: (1) to assess the effect of microstructural parameters on the strength of uo., (2) to reveal which of these microstructural parameters dominates the strength (this may offer important information in producing U0 2 pellets having required strength levels), and (3) to formulate an expression for the relation between the strength and the microstructural parameters. The strength of U0 2 specimens was measured at room temperature using a biaxial flexure technique in which equibiaxial tension was attained by concentric ring loading of disk specimens sliced from U0 2 pellets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure effects on fracture strength of UO2 fuel pellets.

Oguma¹

1982

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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Microstructure effects on the strength of U0 2 pellets have been investigated. The strength was measured at room temperature using a biaxial flexure technique in which thin disk specimens, sliced from U0 2 pellets, were fractured by ring loading in the specimen center. The strength of U0 2 was reduced, in all cases, by increase in porosity, grain size or pore size. Porosity and pore size had a significant influence, while grain size showed only a weak effect. The diameter of the maximun pore observed in the specimens was close to the critical flaw size calculated from the Griffith criterion. This indicates that the largest pore is the most important preexisting flaw which controls the pellet strength. The grain boundaries associated with the largest pore could play a role as a path for pore extension in the fracture process. The strength of U0 2 can be expressed bywhere u f is the fracture strength (MPa), PS the largest pore size (,urn), GS the mean grain size (,urn) and P the porosity (%). The equation demonstrated good predictive capabilities regarding strength of U0 2 pellets having wide variation in microstructure.

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The bird book / A. J. R. Roberts

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Gold drugs: Mechanism of action and toxicity

Gold drugs: Mechanism of action and toxicity

Anchor Structure of Staphylococcal Surface Proteins

Microstructure effects on fracture strength of UO2 fuel pellets.

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