The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole

Pasham, Dheeraj; Lucchini, Matteo; Laskar, T.; Gompertz, B.; Nicholl, M.; Smartt, S. J.; Miller-Jones, J. C. A.; Alexander, K. D.; Fender, R. P.; Smith, Graham P.; Fulton, M.; Dewangan, G. C.; Gendreau, Keith C.; Coughlin, Eric R.; Rhodes, L.; Horesh, A.; Velzen, S. van; Sfaradi, Itai; Guolo, Muryel; Segura, N. Castro; Aamer, Aysha; Anderson, J. P.; Arcavi, I.; Brennan, S.; Chambers, K.; Charalampopoulos, P.; Chen, Ting-Wan; Clocchiatti, A.; Boer, T. J. L. de; Dennefeld, M.; Ferrara, E. C.; Galbany, L.; Gao, Hua; Gillanders, J.; Goodwin, A. J.; Gromadzki, M.; Huber, M. E.; Jonker, P. G.; Joshi, M.; Kara, Erin; Killestein, T.; Kosec, P.; Kocevski, D.; Leloudas, G.; Lin, Chien-Cheng; Margutti, R.; Mattila, S.; Moore, T.; Müller-Bravo, T. E.; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Oates, S. R.; Onori, F.; Pan, Y. C.; Rani, Priyanka; Remillard, Ronald A.; Ridley, E. J.; Schulze, S.; Sheng, Xinyue; Shingles, Luke J.; Smith, K.; Steiner, James F.; Wainscoat, R. J.; Wevers, T.; Yang, S.

doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01820-x

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Andreoni et al (2022a) examined alternative solutions for the nature of this transient, including a kilonova, FBOT, and a GRB origin, but they reject all of them supporting the scenario of a relativistic TDE. This conclusion is corroborated by Pasham et al (2023) who show that the X-ray emission of AT 2022cmc demonstrates rapid variability on timescales of hours, requiring a small emitting region, seen previously in relativistic TDEs but not in GRB afterglows. Their spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling shows that the X-rays are more likely produced through synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission, while radio emission is standard synchrotron emission.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This has been proposed for previous relativistic TDEs (Wiersema et al 2012(Wiersema et al , 2020. Note that in the case of jets we also expect detection of radio and/or X-rays, which was observed in the case of AT 2022cmc (Andreoni et al 2022a;Pasham et al 2023); (ii) Stellar stream shocks can produce high polarization degrees (>25%), which arise as the result of multiple competing shocks. This was proposed in the case of AT 2020mot (Liodakis et al 2022a); and (iii) Electron scattering from a reprocessing layer in an accretion disk and possible outflows.…”

Section: The Unpolarized Case Of At 2022cmcsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…This figure is, however, model free and has the aim to visualize the different possible contributions of a jet component at 7.2 days for different intrinsic polarizations. This may be useful because the exact contribution of the nonthermal component (which was dominant in the first days) is difficult to constrain in the optical regime, based on the light-curve decomposition or SED modeling alone (Andreoni et al 2022a;Pasham et al 2023). For instance, Figure 5 shows that a jet polarized at the 10% level (not very different from the measurements obtained for the previous relativistic TDEs) cannot contribute more than 30% than the thermal component at 7.2 days.…”

Section: The Unpolarized Case Of At 2022cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Figure 5 shows that a jet polarized at the 10% level (not very different from the measurements obtained for the previous relativistic TDEs) cannot contribute more than 30% than the thermal component at 7.2 days. Pasham et al (2023) suggested that the high-energy emission (X-ray) originates from inverse-Compton scattering (either SSC or external Compton). Inverse-Compton is expected to produce nonintrinsic circular polarization in the case of a jet that is not made of pure electron-positron plasma but also contains some fraction of protons (Liodakis et al 2022a).…”

Section: The Unpolarized Case Of At 2022cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AT 2022cmc is another transient at z = 1.193 (Tanvir et al 2022) that has been proposed to be a relativistic TDE (Andreoni et al 2022a;Pasham et al 2023) although it was not discovered through its high-energy emission. It was discovered in the optical by a wide-field transient survey, the Zwicky Transient Facility (Bellm et al 2019), where it was Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Cikota¹,

Leloudas²,

Bulla³

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star orbiting a massive black hole is sufficiently close to being tidally ripped apart by the black hole. AT 2022cmc is the first relativistic TDE that was observed (and discovered) as an optically bright and fast transient, showing signatures of nonthermal radiation induced by a jet that is oriented toward the Earth. In this work, we present optical linear and circular polarization measurements, observed with the Very Large Telescope/FORS2 in the R band (which corresponds to the blue/UV part of the spectrum in the rest frame), ∼7.2 and ∼12.2 rest-frame days after the first detection, respectively, when the light curve of the transient had settled in a bright blue plateau. Both linear and circular polarizations are consistent with zero, p lin = 0.14% ± 0.73%, and p cir = −0.30% ± 0.53%. This is the highest signal-to-noise ratio linear polarization measurement obtained for a relativistic TDE and the first circular polarimetry for such a transient. The nondetection of the linear and circular polarizations is consistent with the scenario of AT 2022cmc being a TDE where the thermal component (disk+outflows) is viewed pole-on, assuming an axially symmetric geometry. The presence and effect of a jet and/or external shocks are, however, difficult to disentangle.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: The Unpolarized Case Of At 2022cmcsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: The Unpolarized Case Of At 2022cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Unpolarized Case Of At 2022cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Cikota¹,

Leloudas²,

Bulla³

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Science with a Small Two-Band UV-Photometry Mission III: Active Galactic Nuclei and Nuclear Transients

Zajaček,

Czerny,

Jaiswal

et al. 2024

Space Sci Rev

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In this review, the third one in the series focused on a small two-band UV-photometry mission, we assess possibilities for a small UV two-band photometry mission in studying accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs; mass range $\sim 10^{6}$ ∼ 10 6 –$10^{10}\,M_{\odot }$ 10 10 M ⊙ ). We focus on the following observational concepts: (i) dedicated monitoring of selected type-I Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in order to measure the time delay between the far-UV, the near-UV, and other wavebands (X-ray and optical), (ii) nuclear transients including (partial) tidal disruption events and repetitive nuclear transients, and (iii) the study of peculiar sources, such as changing-look AGN, hollows and gaps in accretion disks, low-luminosity AGN, and candidates for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs; mass range $\sim 10^{2}$ ∼ 10 2 –$10^{5}\,M_{\odot }$ 10 5 M ⊙ ) in galactic nuclei. The importance of a small UV mission for the observing program (i) is to provide intense, high-cadence monitoring of selected sources, which will be beneficial for, e.g. reverberation-mapping of accretion disks and subsequently confronting accretion-disk models with observations. For program (ii), a relatively small UV space telescope is versatile enough to start monitoring a transient event within ≲ 20 minutes after receiving the trigger; such a moderately fast repointing capability will be highly beneficial. Peculiar sources within the program (iii) will be of interest to a wider community and will create an environment for competitive observing proposals. For tidal disruption events (TDEs), high-cadence UV monitoring is crucial for distinguishing among different scenarios for the origin of the UV emission. The small two-band UV space telescope will also provide information about the near- and far-UV continuum variability for rare transients, such as repetitive partial TDEs and jetted TDEs. We also discuss the possibilities to study and analyze sources with non-standard accretion flows, such as AGN with gappy disks, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with intermittent accretion, and SMBH binaries potentially involving intermediate-mass black holes.

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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Zhang,

Yuan,

Ling

et al. 2024

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole

Cited by 44 publications

References 104 publications

Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Science with a Small Two-Band UV-Photometry Mission III: Active Galactic Nuclei and Nuclear Transients

Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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