The Blameworthiness of Health and Safety Rule Violations*

Mascini, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9930.2005.00208.x

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…But adaptation is especially likely in connection with social controls and the control of social elements of system vulnerability. Much of what we know about counterproductive adaptation to risk controls involves the use of organizational rules in particular . In the security context, many modes of attack are largely technical, involving vulnerabilities and associated exploits in specific software and hardware components.…”

Section: A Brief Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of what we know about counterproductive adaptation to risk controls involves the use of organizational rules in particular. (51,(57)(58)(59)(60) In the security context, many modes of attack are largely technical, involving vulnerabilities and associated exploits in specific software and hardware components. Yet many modes of attack involve "social engineering," (61) for which social controls are often the most important and sometimes the only feasible form of risk mitigation.…”

Section: The Adaptation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Affordance, Time, and Adaptation in the Assessment of Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Risk

2017

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Industrial control systems increasingly use standard communication protocols and are increasingly connected to public networks-creating substantial cybersecurity risks, especially when used in critical infrastructures such as electricity and water distribution systems. Methods of assessing risk in such systems have recognized for some time the way in which the strategies of potential adversaries and risk managers interact in defining the risk to which such systems are exposed. But it is also important to consider the adaptations of the systems' operators and other legitimate users to risk controls, adaptations that often appear to undermine these controls, or shift the risk from one part of a system to another. Unlike the case with adversarial risk analysis, the adaptations of system users are typically orthogonal to the objective of minimizing or maximizing risk in the system. We argue that this need to analyze potential adaptations to risk controls is true for risk problems more generally, and we develop a framework for incorporating such adaptations into an assessment process. The method is based on the principle of affordances, and we show how this can be incorporated in an iterative procedure based on raising the minimum period of risk materialization above some threshold. We apply the method in a case study of a small European utility provider and discuss the observations arising from this.

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Section: A Brief Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Adaptation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Affordance, Time, and Adaptation in the Assessment of Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Risk

2017

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“…Whilst this adds some useful notions to model 1, particularly in distinguishing routine violations from the rest, it does not incorporate or clarify all of the issues addressed in table 1. Mascini (2005) charts the self-perpetuating cycle of violation characterised by the existence of rules which are hard to follow if production is to be achieved and are seen as simply covering the backs of 3.1.2. Organisational complicity management in case something goes wrong; this engenders at worst the enticement by supervisors of workers to breach the rules to achieve production, or at least turning a blind eye to violations (see also HFRG 1995), accompanied often by a breach by the supervisors themselves of the same rules if the enticement fails, which, in turn contributes to the reluctance by those supervisors to report or discipline violations by others of rules they also violate.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working to rule, or working safely? Part 1: A state of the art review

2013

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The paper reviews the literature from 1986 on the management of those safety rules and procedures which relate to the workplace level in organisations. It contrasts two different paradigms of how rules and their development and use are perceived and managed. The first is a top-down classical, rational approach in which rules are seen as static, comprehensive limits of freedom of choice, imposed on operators at the sharp end and violations are seen as negative behaviour to be suppressed. The second is a bottom-up constructivist view of rules as dynamic, local, situated constructions of operators as experts, where competence is seen to a great extent as the ability to adapt rules to the diversity of reality. The paper explores the research underlying and illustrating these two paradigms, drawn from psychology, sociology and ethnography, organisational studies

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“…What sets these regulated sectors apart is that many of the standards and rules are imposed from outside the organization (often ultimately devised by external consultants; Le Gales and Scott, 2010), which means that aspects of them may lack legitimacy in the eyes of managers and workers alike and be poorly aligned to the realities of day-to-day practice (Mascini, 2005). Given the complexity of care, and the unpredictability of some older adults, the rigid adherence to standardized guidelines is at times not in the interests of the latter, and can conflict with the personal values of the care worker (Carlsson-Wall et al, 2011).…”

Section: Rule Breaking and The Care Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Rule breaking in social care: hierarchy, contentiousness and informal rules

Breslin

Wood

2016

Work, Employment and Society

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Taking a longitudinal case study approach, this article examines the process of rule breaking in a newly formed UK domiciliary care provider. In this study, the founder acted in such a manner so as to partially decouple the organization from externally imposed institutional rules and regulations, allowing the emergence of informal rules between carer and client. These informal rules increasingly guided the behaviours of care workers over time, resulting in the breach of formal strictures. Building on the dimensions of hierarchy and contentiousness, rule breaking is conceptualized here as a phenomenon which occurs as a result of the tension between competing formal and informal rules, at multiple levels throughout the organizational hierarchy.

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The Blameworthiness of Health and Safety Rule Violations*

Abstract: Man

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of Affordance, Time, and Adaptation in the Assessment of Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Risk

Analysis of Affordance, Time, and Adaptation in the Assessment of Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Risk

Working to rule, or working safely? Part 1: A state of the art review

Rule breaking in social care: hierarchy, contentiousness and informal rules

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