The blockchain internet of things: review, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations

Abstract

A new technology known as the internet of things (IoT) allows both physical and virtual items to be linked and communicated with one another, creating new digital services that enhance our fineness of sustenance. The IoT system has a number of benefits, but because of its present centralized architecture, there are several problems with regard to data integrity, security, privacy, and single points of failure. The future development of IoT applications is hampered by these difficulties. To tackle these problems, it might be best to integrate the Internet of Things with one of the distributed ledger solutions. The blockchain is one of the most frequent and well-liked varieties of distributed ledger technologies. Numerous advantages can result from integrating blockchain technology with the IoT called blockchain internet of things (BIoT). In this paper, we show a brief overview of blockchain, its components of blockchain, and its features of blockchain. Meanwhile, we describe the architecture of BIoT, Issues of BIoT, and BIoT applications. Additionally, this paper provides a future research challenge and open issues.

Blockchain-based e-voting system in a university

“…In tandem with these measures, the implementation of an audit trail system is incorporated to log all activities within the e-voting system, providing a means to identify and investigate any anomalies or potential security breaches [21]. Moreover, the university's e-voting system employs cryptographic hash functions to bolster security and integrity [22]. This includes ensuring ballot integrity through the computation of cryptographic hashes, timestamping each vote to prevent retroactive changes, and implementing verification processes conducted by election officials.…”