The Blood-Brain Barrier in Clinical Disease

Aird, Robert B.; Becker, Ronald A.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196306000-00002

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It was believed that the capillary endothelium has high electrical resistance and low permeability to polar solutes due to its tight connection. 38 Upon the discovery of ion channels and transporters on the brain side, its function was further extended to include substance transportation, such as ions, water, larger molecules, and even cells located between blood and CSF. 37 Recently, the BBB was revealed to be more than an independent unit of endothelial cells.…”

Section: Csf Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes

Fang

Huang

Wang

et al. 2021

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Knowledge about the dynamic metabolism and function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology has rapidly progressed in recent decades. It has traditionally been suggested that CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and drains to the arachnoid villi. However, recent findings have revealed that the brain parenchyma produces a large portion of CSF and drains through the perivascular glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels into the blood. The primary function of CSF is not limited to maintaining physiological CNS homeostasis but also participates in clearing waste products resulting from neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a disastrous subtype of acute brain injury, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Post-SAH complications contribute to the poor outcomes associated with SAH. Recently, abnormal CSF flow was suggested to play an essential role in the post-SAH pathophysiological changes, such as increased intracerebral pressure, brain edema formation, hydrocephalus, and delayed blood clearance. An in-depth understanding of CSF dynamics in post-SAH events would shed light on potential development of SAH treatment options. This review summarizes and updates the latest physiological characteristics of CSF dynamics and discusses potential pathophysiological changes and therapeutic targets after SAH.

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Section: Csf Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes

Fang

Huang

Wang

et al. 2021

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…(I) Dysfunction of the B-CSF-B system may be involved in the development of epilepsy or susceptibility to it (Aird and Becker, 1963;Aird and Woodbury, 1974). Many pathological conditions of the CNS in which the B-CSF-B system is partially disintegrated, e.g., infections, tumors, and vascular malformations, are associated with an increased risk of epileptic seizures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF Protein Profile in Infantile Spasms. Influence of Etiology and ACTH or Dexamethasone Treatment

Siemes

Siegert

Aksu³

et al. 1984

Epilepsia

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CSF proteins in 107 children ranging from 3 to 24 months of age were analyzed by means of quantitative zone electrophoresis on agarose gel. Subjects included 50 children with infantile spasms, 41 children without CNS disease serving as controls, and 16 infants with acute aseptic meningitis who demonstrated the protein pattern of blood-CSF barrier disturbance. Children with infantile spasms were subdivided into several groups according to etiological categories: symptomatic (pre-, peri-, and postnatal), doubtful, and cryptogenetic. Before any treatment was started, these children showed the protein profile of increased permeability of the blood-CSF barrier, especially for albumin. There was an association between the severity of the changes and the etiological category. Changes were most marked in the symptomatic group, intermediate in the doubtful group, and slight in the cryptogenetic group. No child with infantile spasms of doubtful or unknown etiology revealed changes of the immunoglobulin-containing gamma fractions. Ten children who had received adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or dexamethasone for 2-11 weeks no longer showed any protein leakage into the CSF. The period of ACTH or dexamethasone treatment was characterized by the following findings: the disappearance or reduction of hypsarrhythmia; the reappearance of normal cerebrovascular permeability for protein; and the occurrence of reversible dilatation of the subarachnoid and intraventricular spaces.

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Long‐term effect of electroshock treatment on the entry of calcium into the cerebroventricular fluid in the rat

Barkai

1983

J of Neuroscience Research

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The rate of appearance (Ra) of calcium (Ca) in the cerebroventricular compartment of urethane-anesthesized rats was determined by two methods: one is measurement of isotope dilution during ventricular-cisternal perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 45Ca, the other is estimation of the rate of entry of 45Ca from plasma after rapid injection of tracer 45CaCl2 intravenously. Electroshock treatment (EST) for 3 successive days resulted in a marked increase in the rate of entry of calcium from blood to CSF. The effect of EST on the permeability of the blood-CSF barrier to Ca could be observed even 24 hr after the generalized seizure induced by electroshock has terminated.

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The Blood-Brain Barrier in Clinical Disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes

A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes

CSF Protein Profile in Infantile Spasms. Influence of Etiology and ACTH or Dexamethasone Treatment

Long‐term effect of electroshock treatment on the entry of calcium into the cerebroventricular fluid in the rat

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