The Bologna Process: an international higher education regime

Covidfencing effects on cross-border deterritorialism: the case of Europe

“…This reality already exists in the CB area between Geneva and France (where the revenue allows CB public transport to be funded) but not between Luxembourg and France. As regards the educational system, this globalized deterritorialism process could build upon the Bologna Process, which is an ongoing mechanism promoting intergovernmental cooperation between 48 European countries in the field of higher education, seeking to bring more coherence to higher education systems across Europe (Zahavi and Friedman 2019).…”

20 Years of the Bologna Process in a Global Setting: the external dimension of the Bologna Process revisited

“…The articles in this special issue first advance theoretical understandings of the Bologna Process as an international regime (Zahavi and Friedman 2018), its foreign policy strategy (Moscovitz and Zahavi 2018), and the effectiveness of this strategy (Asderaki 2018;Moscovitz and Zahavi 2018). This special issue applies the international relations theories to advance the conceptualization of higher education as a foreign policy tool and of the Bologna Processthe European Higher Education Area (EHEA) as a distinct international higher education regime.…”

“…Crucial role is played by the European Commission which supports the voluntary cooperation through expert and financial support for many of the activities (European Commission 2018) that are indispensable part of the Bologna Process, such as the preparation and publication of the Bologna Process implementation reports (European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice 2018). As such the Bologna Process and the EHEA can be considered as a system of international cooperation, indeed an international higher education regime, as suggested by Zahavi and Friedman (2018).…”

“…The broad objective of the Process has been to modernize and advance European higher education. The idea that this international regime will also develop its own 'foreign policy' to exert influence beyond its borders (Zahavi and Friedman 2018) comes to the forefront after several years of successful development of the Process, both in terms of implementation of common objectives, as well as aspiration of neighbouring countries to join the process (in 2005, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine joined as members). By 2005, the Bologna Process was widely considered a success.…”

“…In view of the core policy areas of the EHEA global strategy, Zahavi and Friedman (2018) suggest that non-member countries familiarize themselves with the Bologna Process policies and policy tools and comply with them when they come in contact with the EHEA. This proposition is supported by a number of articles in this issue, especially in cases of Israel and African countries.…”