The ‘Bolsonaro bridge’: Violence, visibility, and the 2019 Amazon fires

Deutsch, Sierra; Fletcher, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.012

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is seen in the deforestation rates in the Legal Amazon, with the highest deforestation rate concentrated in the state of Pará (INPE, 2022). As documented, forest fires in the Amazon, western Pará state in August 2019 accelerated forest destruction and led to international repercussions (Kröger, 2020;Menezes & Barbosa Jr., 2021;Rapozo, 2021, Deutsch & Fletcher, 2022.…”

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There was an atmosphere of fearfulness, and concerns that the seminar could be shut down at any moment (even though it had not been publicized). Participants noted the widespread rhetoric of violence incited and legitimized by President Bolsonaro (Rodrigues, 2020;Deutsch, 2021;Deutsch & Fletcher, 2022). There were at least 115 community leaders of the Tapajós (defenders), who were startled and distressed by the political climate.…”

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fallout from these measures has been discussed by Araújo (2020), Thomaz et al (2020), , Menezes & Barbosa Jr. (2021), Rodrigues & Kalil (2021), Rapozo (2021), Pelicice & Castello (2021), Souza et al (2021) and Deutsch & Fletcher (2022). Dismantling of environmental governance in Brazil is not merely a rhetorical and ideological mechanism conducted by a national political group, but a political tactic designed to legitimize the promotion of "total neoextractivism" (Buzogány & Mohamad-Klotzbach, 2021) and the economic and political support of neoextractivist agents for hegemonic political groups.…”

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…marble, gravel, palm heart); tourism ventures; and along drug trafficking routes (CIMI, 2020). All of these are linked to the climate of endorsement, support, and legitimization of violent and environmentally degrading practices that were part of the Bolsonaro government's political agenda (Araújo, 2020;Pelicice & Castello, 2021;Deutsch & Fletcher, 2022).…”

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Rodrigues

Campos

Santana

2022

Journal of Political Ecology

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Latin America has a long history of extractive and exploitative territorial activities, dating back to the colonial era. However, in the last decade there has been a steep increase in these activities, and in socio-environmental conflicts, in Latin America. There are indications of the links between the exploitation of natural resources and the violation of human rights, which materializes in the Amazon through the increase of expulsions and evictions of families, assassination attempts, murders, illegal imprisonments, intimidation, and threats. The main targets of these crimes are leaders who head the struggle to defend the rights of collectivities to land and territory, the environment, human rights and their multiple cultural and life expressions. The state of Pará (Eastern Amazonia) has appeared in the last decade as one of the states in Brazil with the highest incidence of cases of land conflicts, assassinations, aggression, defamation, and death threats directed against community leaders and environmental defenders. Thus, this article aims to quantify, characterize and reflect on the environmental defenders and community leaders suffering death threats and under legal protection in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia (between 2014 and 2020). It also seeks to identify the main activities and sectors that threaten these groups and the reasons behind the intensification of threats in recent years.

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Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activities/sectors and The Intensification Of Defender Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Rodrigues

Campos

Santana

2022

Journal of Political Ecology

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“…The environment has frequently been one of the focuses of conservative neo‐populist governments, either through revision of environmental legislation in favor of big businesses or by boycotting forums or international meetings aimed at developing strategies on a global scale regarding the environmental crisis (Deutsch, 2021; Deutsch & Fletcher, 2022). The neo‐conservative strategies for the environment emerge due to some motives analyzed here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolsonaro's government and the dismantling of the participative institutions in environmental policy

Seifert

Stein²,

Gugliano

2023

Latin American Policy

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In 2018, Jair Bolsonaro won the Brazilian presidential election with the political support of conservative groups and large business groups that aimed to intensify a neoextractivist model of economic growth, leading to severe environmental damage. This article analyzes the first years of this government to understand how conservative neopopulism associates economic growth strategies with brusque changes regarding the environment. We have identified the main measures adopted in the environmental arena, observing changes in the legislation, management bodies, and spaces available for civil society participation. This analysis demonstrates how Bolsonaro's government destroyed the institutional bases established during Brazilian redemocratization to intensify the neo-extractivism model and gratify its supporters. Furthermore, we discuss how this dismantling of environmental governance implies grave consequences for the ecosystems, indigenous people, and other traditional populations.

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) subfossils from Abismo Anhumas, Bonito/MS, Brazil: Morphology, isotopic habitat (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O), radiocarbon dating, biogeography and human impact on the species conservation in Brazil

Miranda,

Cotts,

Da Costa Júnior

et al. 2024

J Quaternary Science

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 is the largest extant anteater, being distributed in most biomes from southern Central America and northern South America. Herein, we analyzed cranial and postcranial elements of three partial skeletons of M. tridactyla found submerged in Abismo Anhumas cave (Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The bones collected were the skull (LEG 2598), left humerus (LEG 2601), ungueal phalanx (LEG 2602), and lumbar vertebrae (LEG 2599; LEG 2600). Radiocarbon dating and isotope analyses indicate that these animals lived between 360 and 560 cal a BP in an arboreal to open savanna habitat associated with the Cerrado, a Seasonal Dry Forest. Radiocarbon‐dated oxygen isotopes are possibly in agreement with dated oxygen isotopes found in stalagmites, suggesting a wet period between 442–364 cal a BP in the region. Finally, we created paleo‐species distribution models, which allowed the generation of a consensus map showing a historically stable area between 21 and 6 ka for this species. Currently, more than 50% of this area has been destroyed by human activity.

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The ‘Bolsonaro bridge’: Violence, visibility, and the 2019 Amazon fires

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Bolsonaro's government and the dismantling of the participative institutions in environmental policy

Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) subfossils from Abismo Anhumas, Bonito/MS, Brazil: Morphology, isotopic habitat (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O), radiocarbon dating, biogeography and human impact on the species conservation in Brazil

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The ‘Bolsonaro bridge’: Violence, visibility, and the 2019 Amazon fires

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Bolsonaro's government and the dismantling of the participative institutions in environmental policy

Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) subfossils from Abismo Anhumas, Bonito/MS, Brazil: Morphology, isotopic habitat (δ13C, δ18O), radiocarbon dating, biogeography and human impact on the species conservation in Brazil

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) subfossils from Abismo Anhumas, Bonito/MS, Brazil: Morphology, isotopic habitat (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O), radiocarbon dating, biogeography and human impact on the species conservation in Brazil