The Border Labyrinth: Information Technologies and Trade in the Presence of Multiple Agencies

Abstract

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Policy and performance in customs: Evaluating the trade facilitation agreement

“…Other studies use the data to better understand links between trading time and trade volumes. Contributions to this literature include Carballo, Schaur, Graziano, and Martincus (, ), Carballo, Schaur, and Martincus (, ), Fernandes, Hillberry, and Alcantara (), Fernandes, Hillberry, and Berg (), and Martincus, Carballo, and Graziano (). This is a very interesting literature, but the results of any one study are highly contextual, depending on the specific circumstances of the country or countries of study and the specific nature of the reform.…”

Endogenous Border Times

“…Second, it is well known that imports of certain products require specific permits, so that additional border agencies intervene in their processing (see Carballo et al, 2016). While we could not get information on the associated times, we obtained a list of the products whose import documents must include permits issued by these agencies in each year of our sample period and are therefore able to exclude the products in question.…”

Revisiting time as a trade barrier: Evidence from a panel structural gravity model

“…For the second robustness check, we utilized the model with heterogeneous time to trade effects by income group, outlined in Table C3 of Appendix . This specification is based on the work by Carballo et al (2016a), who estimated heterogeneous effects for OECD versus non‐OECD economies documenting that differences in the parameters are relevant. The trade and welfare effects for the scenarios using the parameters from this functional form are given in Tables F1, F2, and F3 in Appendix .…”