The Bournemouth Questionnaire: A short-form comprehensive outcome measure. I. Psychometric properties in back pain patients

Abstract

A reliable, valid, and responsive instrument has been developed for use in back pain patients. It is practical for use in investigations of both the efficacy and effectiveness of back pain treatments.

Assessing methods to specify the target difference for a randomised controlled trial: DELTA (Difference ELicitation in TriAls) review

“…Four papers specifically calculated effect sizes to inform the design of a future study. 283,300,302,317 The larger a standardised effect, the fewer the number of subjects required to detect a difference between groups or time points. 283 Pyne and colleagues 302 went a step further and calculated effect sizes for different subgroups of people to assess whether any of the instruments performed better in certain subsets of people.…”

What is an acceptable outcome of treatment before it begins? Methodological considerations and implications for patients with chronic low back pain

“…The Bournemouth questionnaire (BQ) measures seven dimensions of back pain: (1) pain intensity, (2) day-today physical function, (3) day-to-day social activity, (4) anxiety, (5) depression, (6) work-related fear avoidance, and (7) pain locus of control. Each subscale is scored on an 11-box numeric rating scale (0-10) resulting in a scale range from 0 to 70 with a high score representing increasing severity of the combined dimensions [6,7,21]. 3.…”

Subjective outcome assessments for cervical spine pathology: A narrative review

“…The Bournemouth Neck Questionnaire(BNQ) 29 (Appendix A), a minimally modified form of the Bournemouth Questionnaire, 20 was developed to assess the affective domains of anxiety and depression, cognitive aspects including beliefs about pain control, activities of daily living (ADL), recreational and work capabilities and pain severity in patients with non-specific neck pain. The instrument consists of 7 questions wherein the patient is asked to rate the effect of her or his neck pain using a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale.…”

“…13,16,20 For clarification, impairment implies any loss or abnormality of anatomic, physiologic, mental, or emotional structure or function while functional limitation corresponds to a restriction in performance of the whole person. Disability is a term used to describe the underperformance of a socially defined role or task.…”

“…For outcome measures in general and musculoskeletal assessment tools in particular, the diversity of domains and scaling options available to researchers has resulted in a lack of outcome measure standardization and an inability to directly compare treatment effects between trials. 20 While a thorough review of statistical concepts is beyond the scope of this paper, a brief review will assist the reader in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the individual outcome measures described within the body of this article. Numerical values assigned to answers on a subjective outcome measure are considered variables.…”