The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome

Saleem, Fahad; Bouatra, Souhaila; Guo, An Chi; Psychogios, Nikolaos; Mandal, Rupasri; Dunn, Suzanna M.; Ametaj, Burim N.; Wishart, David S.

doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0458-9

Cited by 135 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The reader is directed to the ground-breaking paper by Saleem et al [71] on this topic. Here, four metabolomic analyses will be discussed that relate specifically to methanogenesis.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of meta-omics techniques to understand greenhouse gas emissions originating from ruminal metabolism

et al. 2017

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Methane emissions from ruminal fermentation contribute significantly to total anthropological greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. New meta-omics technologies are beginning to revolutionise our understanding of the rumen microbial community structure, metabolic potential and metabolic activity. Here we explore these developments in relation to GHG emissions. Microbial rumen community analyses based on small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence analysis are not yet predictive of methane emissions from individual animals or treatments. Few metagenomics studies have been directly related to GHG emissions. In these studies, the main genes that differed in abundance between high and low methane emitters included archaeal genes involved in methanogenesis, with others that were not apparently related to methane metabolism. Unlike the taxonomic analysis up to now, the gene sets from metagenomes may have predictive value. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis predicts metabolic function better than only a taxonomic description, because different taxa share genes with the same function. Metatranscriptomics, the study of mRNA transcript abundance, should help to understand the dynamic of microbial activity rather than the gene abundance; to date, only one study has related the expression levels of methanogenic genes to methane emissions, where gene abundance failed to do so. Metaproteomics describes the proteins present in the ecosystem, and is therefore arguably a better indication of microbial metabolism. Both two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and shotgun peptide sequencing methods have been used for ruminal analysis. In our unpublished studies, both methods showed an abundance of archaeal methanogenic enzymes, but neither was able to discriminate high and low emitters. Metabolomics can take several forms that appear to have predictive value for methane emissions; ruminal metabolites, milk fatty acid profiles, faecal long-chain alcohols and urinary metabolites have all shown promising results. Rumen microbial amino acid metabolism lies at the root of excessive nitrogen emissions from ruminants, yet only indirect inferences for nitrogen emissions can be drawn from meta-omics studies published so far. Annotation of meta-omics data depends on databases that are generally weak in rumen microbial entries. The Hungate 1000 project and Global Rumen Census initiatives are therefore essential to improve the interpretation of sequence/metabolic information.

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“…The reader is directed to the ground-breaking paper by Saleem et al [71] on this topic. Here, four metabolomic analyses will be discussed that relate specifically to methanogenesis.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of meta-omics techniques to understand greenhouse gas emissions originating from ruminal metabolism

et al. 2017

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“…cows) are known to produce VFAs, especially acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, from organic matter [100]. They have the ability to digest cellulose and break it down into simple sugars, which can be attributed to the presence of a unique microflora in their rumen, including cellulolytic microorganisms [101] and consisting of about 10 10 to 10 11 bacterial cells per milliliter and 10 3 to 10 5 zoospores per milliliter, in addition to protozoans and bacteriophages. Many groups of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and archaea are involved in the production of carboxylic acids; of these the most important group of bacteria are the acetogens.…”

Section: Mixed Bacterial Consortia For Carboxylic Acid Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is common knowledge from several in situ fermentation studies that the rumen microflora consists of several cellulose-degrading, acidogenic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria that are necessary for the optimal function of the rumen in a ruminant animal [99][100][101][102][103]. Several studies have been done to identify and understand the microbial population of the ruminal microflora, especially related to biorefinery applications.…”

Section: Mixed Bacterial Consortia For Carboxylic Acid Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Production and Separation of Carboxylic Acids for Biorefinery Applications

2017

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Carboxylic acids are traditionally produced from fossil fuels and have significant applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and fuel industries. Significant progress has been made in replacing such fossil fuel sources used for production of carboxylic acids with sustainable and renewable biomass resources. However, the merits and demerits of each carboxylic acid processing platform are dependent on the application of the final product in the industry. There are a number of studies that indicate that separation processes account for over 30% of the total processing costs in such processes. This review focuses on the sustainable processing of biomass resources to produce carboxylic acids. The primary focus of the review will be on a discussion of and comparison between existing biochemical processes for producing lower-chain fatty acids such as acetic-, propionic-, butyric-, and lactic acids. The significance of these acids stems from the recent progress in catalytic upgrading to produce biofuels apart from the current applications of the carboxylic acids in the food, pharmaceutical, and plastics sectors. A significant part of the review will discuss current state-of-art of techniques for separation and purification of these acids from fermentation broths for further downstream processing to produce high-value products.

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“…The composition of bovine ruminal fluid is characterized by phospholipids, inorganic ions, gases, amino acids, dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, volatile fatty acids, glycerides, carbohydrate and cholesterol esters; many are microbial fermentation products that occur under the anaerobic condition found in the rumen 10 . Pathway analysis typically uses a subset of the data that has met a threshold level rather than the entire data set [11][12][13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other half of the rumen fluid metabolome, which includes amino acids, fatty acids and phosphocholines is of both microbial and bovine origin 10 . In this study, steers from both treatment groups had similar DMI and received the same diet.…”

Section: ) (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

1605 Rumen fluid metabolomics analysis associated with feed efficiency on crossbred steers

Artegoitia¹,

Foote²,

Lewis³

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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The rumen has a central role in the efficiency of digestion in ruminants. To identify potential differences in rumen function that lead to differences in average daily gain (ADG), rumen fluid metabolomic analysis by LC-MS and multivariate/univariate statistical analysis were used to identify differences in rumen metabolites. Individual feed intake and body-weight was measured on 144 steers during 105 d on a high concentrate ration. Eight steers with the greatest ADG and 8 steers with the least-ADG with dry matter intake near the population average were selected. Blood and rumen fluid was collected from the 16 steers 26 d before slaughter and at slaughter, respectively. As a result of the metabolomics analysis of rumen fluid, 33 metabolites differed between the ADG groups based on t-test, fold changes and partial least square discriminant analysis. These metabolites were primarily involved in linoleic and alpha-linolenic metabolism (impact-value 1.0 and 0.75, respectively; P < 0.05); both pathways were down-regulated in the greatest-ADG compared with least-ADG group. Ruminal biohydrogenation might be associated with the overall animal production. The fatty acids were quantified in rumen and plasma using targeted MS to validate and evaluate the simple combination of metabolites that effectively predict ADG.Improving production efficiency of cattle by increasing meat produced per amount of feed offered would result in economic and environmental benefits 1 . However, the physiological mechanisms and the shifts in the metabolic pathways that result in increased efficiency are not fully elucidated. Digestion and nutrient absorption are considered important sources of variation in cattle growth efficiency 2 . Changes in ruminal microbial communities have been associated with differences in feed efficiency of beef cattle 3, 4 . Hence, differences in feed efficiency might be related to changes in the metabolism in the cattle rumen.Metabolomics, has been a useful approach to characterize the metabolism of rumen fluid in dairy cows 5-8 . For instance, phenotype differences on residual feed intake were associated with specific ruminal microbes and targeted metabolic pathway in dairy cows 8 . By definition when feed efficiency is defined as residual feed intake there is a difference in feed intake between the groups. The differences in feed intake can greatly influence the microbial communities. We have chosen an alternative model that classifies steers based on divergent body weight gain at similar feed intakes in order to avoid changes associated with feed intake. We hypothesized that cattle that differed in ADG had differences in rumen metabolism. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics profile based on UPLC-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS/MS) coupled to univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify rumen metabolites that differed with feed efficiency and determine biomarkers in rumen fluid and plasma for ADG. ResultsCharacteristics of steers in the two groups. The DMI did not differ bet...

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The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome

Cited by 135 publications

References 36 publications

Application of meta-omics techniques to understand greenhouse gas emissions originating from ruminal metabolism

Application of meta-omics techniques to understand greenhouse gas emissions originating from ruminal metabolism

Biochemical Production and Separation of Carboxylic Acids for Biorefinery Applications

1605 Rumen fluid metabolomics analysis associated with feed efficiency on crossbred steers

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