The brain as a photoreceptor: intracerebral ocelli in the firefly

Hariyama, Takahiko

doi:10.1007/s001140050732

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Photoreceptors in the brain have been reported in spiders (Yamashita and Tateda, 1983) and insects (Ichikawa, 1991;Hariyama, 2000). Scorpions have the photosensitive sites in the 5th-7th abdominal ganglia (Geethabali and Rao, 1973), and the butterfly has a photosensitive terminal abdominal ganglion (Arikawa et al ., 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoreceptors in the brain have been reported in spiders (Yamashita and Tateda, 1983), crayfish (Sandeman et al ., 1990), and insects (Ichikawa, 1991;Hariyama, 2000); in the terminal abdominal ganglion in crustaceans (Prosser, 1934;Kennedy, 1963;Wilkens and Larimer, 1972;Wilkens and Larimer, 1976) and in the butterfly (Arikawa et al ., 1991); and in the metasomatic ganglia (Geethabali and Rao, 1973) of scorpions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosensitivity of the Central Nervous System of Limulus polyphemus

Mori

Kuramoto

2004

Zoological Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity of the Central Nervous System of Limulus polyphemus

Mori

Kuramoto

2004

Zoological Science

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“…proaches, fall into three groups: the first group resides in the optic lobe (e.g., Diptera: Seifert et al, 1987;Hofbauer and Buchner, 1989; Coleoptera (beetle): Schulz et al, 1984;Fleissner et al, 1993;Felisberti et al, 1997;Blattaria: Fleissner et al, 2001;Lepidoptera, Ichikawa, 1991;Hymenoptera: Felisberti and Ventura, 1996;Trichoptera: Hagberg, 1986); and the second is located in the central brain (Coleoptera (firefly) : Hariyama, 2000; Orthoptera: Lundquist et al, 1996; Aphididae: Gao et al, 1999;Diptera: Cymborowski and Korf, 1995;Lepidoptera: Kono et al, 1983;Shimizu et al, 2001; Decapoda: Sandeman et al, 1990). These two groups are often postulated to function in the entrainment of circadian rhythms and in the photoperiodic responses (for a review, see Numata et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Synaptic connections between eyelet photoreceptors and pigment dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons of the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae

Yasuyama

Okada

Hamanaka

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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Studies using various mutants of Drosophila melanogaster bearing defects in their visual system, including those of the retinal and extraretinal photoreceptor systems, have indicated that the extraretinal photoreceptor known as the Hofbauer-Buchner (H-B) eyelet plays an active, if subsidiary, role in the entrainment of circadian rhythms. In the present study, in the context of unraveling the function of extraretinal photoreception on circadian rhythms and photoperiodic responses, we searched for extraretinal photoreceptors in the blowfly, Protophormia terraenovae, and found that this fly has a homolog of the H-B eyelet. In addition, we show morphologically direct synaptic connections between the eyelet of P. terraenovae (called here Pt-eyelet, after the species' name) and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-immunoreactive neurons, which are putative circadian pacemaker neurons, by immunogold electron microscopy combined with intracellular dye injection. The Pt-eyelet was found to reside in the middle of the posterior surface of the optic lobe between the retina and the lamina, as does the H-B eyelet. This extraretinal photoreceptor was composed of at least four photoreceptor cells equipped with well-organized microvillar rhabdomeres. Rhodopsin 6-like immunoreactivity and also the response to light stimuli clearly showed the Pt-eyelet to be functional. The Pt-eyelet terminals in the accessory medulla exhibited synaptic bouton-like appearances and formed divergent multiple-contact output synapses. Synaptic contacts from the Pt-eyelet terminal to the PDF-immunoreactive neurons were identified by the presence of presynaptic ribbons and accumulated synaptic vesicles. Their possible function is discussed in relation to previous studies on circadian rhythm and photoperiodic response of P. terraenovae.

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“…Stemmata-derived organs have been electrophysiologically shown to remain photosensitive in the pupal or adult stages in some insects, such as the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus (Ichikawa, 1991), the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, the house borer beetle, Hylotrupes bajulus (Felisberti et al, 1997) and the Japanese fireflies, Luciola cruciata and L. lateralis (Hariyama, 2000), although in P. xuthus they are about 10 -3 or 10 -4 times less photosensitive than the stemmata in the larval stage (Ichikawa, 1991). Their role in photoperiodism has been examined by surgical removal in diapause pupae of Antheraea pernyi, in which spectrum sensitivity for photoperiodic termination of diapause is different from that for induction of electrophysiological responses of the stemmata-derived organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different photoreceptor organs are used for photoperiodism in the larval and adult stages of the carabid beetle, Leptocarabus kumagaii

Shintani

Shiga

Numata

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe role of the two distinct retinal photoreceptor organs in photoreception for photoperiodism was examined in the carabid beetle, Leptocarabus kumagaii, by surgical removal. This beetle shows long-day and short-day photoperiodic responses in the larval and adult stages, respectively. Larval diapause in the final instar is induced under short-day conditions whereas pupation occurs without diapause under long-day conditions. Adult reproductive diapause is terminated under short-day conditions but maintained under long-day conditions. The stemmata of the larvae and compound eyes of the adults were removed and the responses of the animals to photoperiod were compared to those of intact beetles. When all the stemmata were removed, larvae pupated without entering diapause under both long-day and short-day conditions, indicating that the larvae lacking stemmata were incapable of photoreception for photoperiodism. As in other holometabolous insects, the stemmata migrated into the brain during metamorphosis and remained rudimentarily in the optic lobe of the adult brain. However, these stemmata-derived organs were found to be no longer necessary for photoperiodism, because adults lacking the stemmata-derived organs responded to photoperiod normally. By contrast, removal of the compound eyes in adults resulted in the termination of reproductive diapause under both long-day and short-day conditions, indicating that photoreception for photoperiodism in the adult stage is performed by the compound eyes. Therefore, the site of photoperiodic photoreception in L. kumagaii appear to change from the stemmata to the compound eyes during metamorphosis.

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The brain as a photoreceptor: intracerebral ocelli in the firefly

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Photosensitivity of the Central Nervous System of Limulus polyphemus

Photosensitivity of the Central Nervous System of Limulus polyphemus

Synaptic connections between eyelet photoreceptors and pigment dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons of the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae

Different photoreceptor organs are used for photoperiodism in the larval and adult stages of the carabid beetle, Leptocarabus kumagaii

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