The brain of petromyzon

Johnston, J. H.

doi:10.1002/cne.910120102

Cited by 155 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Comparison of lampreys and gnathostomes has provided insight into the evo lution of lateral line systems. Lampreys, like cartilaginous and primitive bony fishes and urodele amphibians, possess a dorsal octavolateralis nucleus [Johnston, 1902;Pearson, 1936;Larsell, 1967], This shared character led to the suggestion that lam preys are electroreceptive [McCormick, 1982] , a view confirmed physiologically in Lampetra [Bodznick and Northcutt, 1981]. On physiological and anatomical grounds the electrosensory system of lampreys is homologous with those of electroreceptive nonteleosts [Bullock et al, 1983].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Primary Projections of the Lateral Line Nerves in Adult Lampreys

Ronan¹,

Northcutt²

1987

Brain Behav Evol

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Primary lateralis projections in silver lampreys, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, and young adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, were examined utilizing silver impregnation of degenerating fibers and transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. Anterior lateral line nerve afferents terminate throughout the neuropil of the electroreceptive dorsal nucleus and in the lateral neuropil of the mechanoreceptive medial nucleus. The superficial ophthalmic, buccal and recurrent rami of the anterior lateral line nerve all project to the ipsilateral dorsal nucleus; the recurrent ramus, supplying electroreceptors on the trunk, possesses the largest terminal field. No somatotopy was apparent in the projections to the dorsal nucleus. Primary afferents in the posterior lateral line nerve project to the medial neuropil of the ipsilateral medial nucleus, continue rostrally into the cerebellum and cross to the central neuropil of the contralateral medial nucleus. Lateralis projections in lampreys resemble those in nonteleost bony fishes and elasmobranchs; however, the contralateral projection of the posterior lateral line nerve is presently recognized only in petromyzontids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…1) and the octavolateralis area ( fig. 2) in lampreys have been examined by Johnston [1902Johnston [ , 1905, Pear son [1936], Heier [1948], Lindstrom [1949], Marinelli and Strenger [1956], Larsell [1967], and Nieuwenhuys [1972]. A short description of the morphology precedes the presentation of experimental results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Projections of the Lateral Line Nerves in Adult Lampreys

Ronan¹,

Northcutt²

1987

Brain Behav Evol

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“…Although optic tract fibers are quantitatively its most important afferent system, early descriptions based on analysis of Nissl-stained and Golgi-impregnated material [Johnston, 1902;Ariëns Kappers et al, 1936;Heier, 1948] established that tectal connections in lampreys shared many features with those of other vertebrates. The reported afferent connections included the habenula, the dorsal thalamus, the pineal and parapineal organs, the pretectum, the cerebellum, the sensory trigeminal nucleus, the lateral line and vestibular centers, and the spinal cord.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afferent Connections of the Optic Tectum in Lampreys: An Experimental Study

Arriba

Pombal²

2006

Brain Behav Evol

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Tectal afferents were studied in adult lampreys of three species (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, Lampetra fluviatilis, and Petromyzon marinus) following unilateral BDA injections into the optic tectum (OT). In the secondary prosencephalon, neurons projecting to the OT were observed in the pallium, the subhipoccampal lobe, the striatum, the preoptic area and the hypothalamus. Following tectal injections, backfilled diencephalic cells were found bilaterally in: prethalamic eminence, ventral geniculate nucleus, periventricular prethalamic nucleus, periventricular pretectal nucleus, precommissural nucleus, magnocellular and parvocellular nuclei of the posterior commissure and pretectal nucleus; and ipsilaterally in: nucleus of Bellonci, periventricular thalamic nucleus, nucleus of the tuberculum posterior, and the subpretectal tegmentum, as well as in the pineal organ. At midbrain levels, retrogradely labeled cells were seen in the ipsilateral torus semicircularis, the contralateral OT, and bilaterally in the mesencephalic reticular formation and inside the limits of the retinopetal nuclei. In the hindbrain, tectal projecting cells were also bilaterally labeled in the dorsal and lateral isthmic nuclei, the octavolateral area, the sensory nucleus of the descending trigeminal tract, the dorsal column nucleus and the reticular formation. The rostral spinal cord also exhibited a few labeled cells. These results demonstrate a complex pattern of connections in the lamprey OT, most of which have been reported in other vertebrates. Hence, the lamprey OT receives a large number of nonvisual afferents from all major brain areas, and so is involved in information processing from different somatic sensory modalities.

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“…Finally, when reaching an appropriate target area (TA in Fig. 1), an axon probably follows local chemical cues and turns from the substrate pathway that it has been following (64,65 (3,15,(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75). Many axons growing through the anterior commissure are decussating axons and not true commissural axons.…”

Section: Substrate Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substrate pathway underlying the anterior commissure is probably a common feature of the vertebrate ontogeny, because the anterior commissure is a constant feature of the vertebrate forebrain (2,3,15,26,(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75). In mammals lacking a corpus callosum (nonplacental mammals), the anterior commissure increases in size as the neocortex increases (15,28).…”

Section: Substrate Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontophyletics of the nervous system: development of the corpus callosum and evolution of axon tracts.

Katz¹,

Lasek²,

Silver³

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The evolution of nervous systems has included significant changes in the axon tracts of the central nervous system. These evolutionary changes required changes in axonal growth in embryos. During development, many axons reach their targets by following guidance cues that are organized as pathways in the embryonic substrate, and the overall pattern of the major axon tracts in the adult can be traced back to the fundamental pattern of such substrate pathways. Embryological and comparative anatomical studies suggest that most axon tracts, such as the anterior commissure, have evolved by the modified use of preexisting substrate pathways. On the other hand, recent developmental studies suggest that a few entirely new substrate pathways have arisen during evolution; these apparently provided opportunities for the formation of completely new axon tracts. The corpus callosum, which is found only in placental mammals, may be such a truly new axon tract. We propose that the evolution of the corpus callosum is founded on the emergence of a new preaxonal substrate pathway, the "glial sling," which bridges the two halves of the embryonic forebrain only in placental mammals.Increases in the number of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and in the complexity of the synaptic neuropil characterize the vertebrate phylogeny (1, 2). These increases are usually manifest as enlargements of specific CNS areas such as the cerebellum, the tectum, and the cerebrum. Local enlargements can be attributed to focal increases in the dominant class of vertebrate neurons-local circuit neurons-neurons with axons that extend only short distances in the CNS before synapsing (1).Local areas of the CNS are connected by another important class of neurons-projection neurons-which send their axons along a few long stereotyped routes to target areas far from their cell bodies. The white matter of the vertebrate CNS is composed largely of axon tracts of projection neurons, and many of the same major axon tracts can be identified throughout the vertebrates. Although the overall pattern of these major tracts appears to have been conserved during evolution (2-8), there are some significant variations. Frequently, the compactness of particular tracts varies, as in the spinal lemniscal tracts (2, 9-11). In some cases, the particular stereotyped route taken by homologous axons varies-e.g., the stereotyped routes of the corticospinal tracts differ among most primates, ungulates, rodents, and marsupials (12-14). Moreover, a few major vertebrate axon tracts have appeared with no apparent precursors. The most dramatic example is the (dorsal) corpus callosum, which is found only in placental mammals (15,16).The corpus callosum is a large interhemispheric commissure, and most axons of the corpus callosum interconnect homotopic neocortical areas (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). for exceptions to this general rule.) Monotremes and marsupials have no dorsal corpus callosum (2,16,(26)(27)(28). Among the placental mammals, the corpus callosum generally increases as t...

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The brain of petromyzon

Cited by 155 publications

References 5 publications

Primary Projections of the Lateral Line Nerves in Adult Lampreys

Primary Projections of the Lateral Line Nerves in Adult Lampreys

Afferent Connections of the Optic Tectum in Lampreys: An Experimental Study

Ontophyletics of the nervous system: development of the corpus callosum and evolution of axon tracts.

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