The Breakdown of Vigilance during Prolonged Visual Search

Mackworth, Norman H.

doi:10.1080/17470214808416738

Cited by 827 publications

(565 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In sustained attention paradigms, participants continuously monitor a stimulus stream for targets. Typically, after prolonged time-on-task, performance declines rapidly-the so-called vigilance decrement (Mackworth 1948;Parasuraman 1979). Finding ways to counter the vigilance decrement is especially pertinent given that these tasks mirror many real-life situations, such as air traffic control, surveillance, and quality control.…”

Section: Sustained Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention

et al. 2017

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Attention is a fundamental cognitive process-without it, we would be helplessly adrift in an overload of sensory input. There is considerable interest in techniques that can be used to enhance attention, including transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). We present an overview of 52 studies that have paired attention tasks with tES, mostly in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In particular, we discuss four aspects of attention that have been most extensively targeted to date: visual search, spatial orienting (e.g., Posner cueing tasks), spatial bias (e.g., line bisection tasks), and sustained attention. Some promising results have been reported in each of these domains. However, drawing general conclusions about the efficacy of tES is at present hampered by a large diversity in study design and inconsistent findings. We highlight some pitfalls and opportunities and suggest how these may be addressed in future research aiming to use tES as a tool to enhance or test theoretical hypotheses about attention.

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Section: Sustained Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention

et al. 2017

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“…The systematic study of vigilance began during World War II when it was noted that airborne British radar observers began to miss the blips of light on their displays that indicated the presence of enemy submarines in the sea below after only about 30 minutes on watch. The Royal Air Force commissioned Norman H. Mackworth (1948) to study the problem in his laboratory. His investigations marked the beginning of over six decades of research of the vigilance decrement, or the decline in performance efficiency that occurs over time.…”

Section: Vigilancementioning

confidence: 99%

Visual inspection : a review of the literature.

See¹

2012

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This report provides a review of 212 documents published in the visual inspection literature from the 1950s to the present. The inspection task is defined and characterized and trends in inspection research are reviewed. The prevailing twocomponent model of inspection and various techniques to measure inspection performance are discussed. The majority of the report reviews the parameters that may impact inspection performance and describes the relevant findings from the literature. The report concludes with a re-iteration of the value of inspection research and a summary of the major recommendations for improving inspection performance.4

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“…To investigate if possible effects were caused by alcohol hangover-related sedation, a Mackworth clock test was also performed. This vigilance test measures readiness to react (ie vigilance) during prolonged visual search (Mackworth, 1948), and gives an insight into performance requiring arousal and sustained attention. Under these circumstances, it is hypothesized that alcohol hangover symptoms will significantly impair memory functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Hangover Effects on Memory Functioning and Vigilance Performance after an Evening of Binge Drinking

Verster

Duin

Volkerts

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The impairing effects on memory functioning after acute alcohol intoxication in healthy volunteers and after chronic use in alcoholics are well established. However, research determining the next-morning effects of a single episode of binge drinking on memory functioning is scarce. A total of 48 healthy volunteers participated in a single-blind study comprising an evening (baseline) session, followed by a treatment administration (ethanol 1.4 g/kg or placebo), and a morning session. Memory was tested with a word-learning test (including immediate and delayed recall, and recognition). Further, a 45-min Mackworth clock test for measuring vigilance was included (parameters: number of hits and false alarms) and subjective alertness was assessed, to infer whether word-learning test findings reflect sedation or specific memory impairments. Delayed recall in the morning session was significantly worse in the alcohol group when compared to the placebo group (F 1,42 ¼ 6.0, po0.02). In contrast, immediate recall and recognition were unimpaired in the alcohol group. In the morning session, relative to the placebo group, subjective alertness was significantly reduced in the alcohol group before and after the tests (F 1,44 ¼ 8.7, po0.005; F 1,44 ¼ 13.3, po0.001, respectively). However, in the Mackworth clock test, the alcohol group and placebo group did not differ significantly in the morning session. The specific findings of impaired delayed recall show that memory retrieval processes are significantly impaired during alcohol hangover. Vigilance performance was not significantly affected, indicating that this memory impairment does not reflect sedation.

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The Breakdown of Vigilance during Prolonged Visual Search

Cited by 827 publications

References 9 publications

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention

Visual inspection : a review of the literature.

Alcohol Hangover Effects on Memory Functioning and Vigilance Performance after an Evening of Binge Drinking

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