The Bright Side of Perovskites

Colella, Silvia; Mazzeo, Marco; Rizzo, Aurora; Gigli, Giuseppe; Listorti, Andrea

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01799

Cited by 118 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Over a wide range of excitation intensities, as in the μ oc - J ex characteristics presented in this work, two (or more) elementary decay channels contribute to the recombination dynamics. Competition between them is such that the lowest-order electron-hole decays, identified by the lowest power index α and thus the highest m (nonradiative recombinations with m = 3/2 in perovskite films), dominates at low excitation intensities, while the highest order decay (nonradiative Auger recombinations with m = 2/3 in perovskite films) becomes the most important one at high excitation14274243. Similar behaviour is also observed in the I - V characteristics of a Si solar cell, where m decreases from 2 (SRH recombinations) to 1 for increasing voltage28.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minimal recombination energy losses are achieved in the ideal case in which electron-hole pairs decay only radiatively; in this regime, the recombination resistance is maximized, and so is the cell voltage. The external electroluminescence quantum yield ( EQY EL ) quantifies the amount of radiative recombination with respect to non-radiative losses; the best solar cells show the highest EQY EL (10 −3 –10 −1 ) and therefore operate at a voltage as close as possible to the semiconductor band gap—up to 0.78 E g in GaAs24 and very recently 0.76 E g in HP820252627.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optical determination of Shockley-Read-Hall and interface recombination currents in hybrid perovskites

Sarritzu

Sestu

Marongiu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Metal-halide perovskite solar cells rival the best inorganic solar cells in power conversion efficiency, providing the outlook for efficient, cheap devices. In order for the technology to mature and approach the ideal Shockley-Queissier efficiency, experimental tools are needed to diagnose what processes limit performances, beyond simply measuring electrical characteristics often affected by parasitic effects and difficult to interpret. Here we study the microscopic origin of recombination currents causing photoconversion losses with an all-optical technique, measuring the electron-hole free energy as a function of the exciting light intensity. Our method allows assessing the ideality factor and breaks down the electron-hole recombination current into bulk defect and interface contributions, providing an estimate of the limit photoconversion efficiency, without any real charge current flowing through the device. We identify Shockley-Read-Hall recombination as the main decay process in insulated perovskite layers and quantify the additional performance degradation due to interface recombination in heterojunctions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical determination of Shockley-Read-Hall and interface recombination currents in hybrid perovskites

Sarritzu

Sestu

Marongiu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

194

204

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“…Their outstanding yields in luminescence, electroluminescence, [1,2] and photoelectric conversions, [3][4][5][6][7] combined with the easy solution processing, promise large-scale production, morphology of the layer and indeed has a general valence for any laboratory. Their outstanding yields in luminescence, electroluminescence, [1,2] and photoelectric conversions, [3][4][5][6][7] combined with the easy solution processing, promise large-scale production, morphology of the layer and indeed has a general valence for any laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Soaking Promotes Lattice Recovery in Polycrystalline Hybrid Perovskites

Alberti

Deretzis

Mannino

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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wide dissemination, and high technological throughput. [8] As a unique event in the landscape of solar energy harvesting, perovskite solar cells have experienced an increment of their power conversion efficiency by ≈8% (from 13.4% to 23.7%) in the last 5 years. [9,10] This technology is expected to successfully contribute to the enormous challenge of future power supply from sustainable energy sources. However, the well-known structural instability of hybrid perovskites under working conditions limits a real market uptake of all the related technologies. Solutions to guarantee the durability of products are mandatory and can be numerous, if the problem is addressed from different perspectives.Within the possible approaches to stabilize the perovskite lattice and its behavior under illumination, recent efforts have focused on introducing various treatments, [11,12] molecules, or additives, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] through different procedures. Nitrogen has been also exploited as inert species [20][21][22][23][24] but its role is still unfocused. The existing (direct or indirect) findings in the literature stimulate the idea of beneficially using N 2 molecules in technological solutions, if their role is persuasively afforded. [25] N 2 molecules are small, safe, and easy to apply.Related to the material stability, we emphasize that the plethora of perovskites produced in different laboratories, with preparation procedures changing from lab to lab and from time to time, ask for treatments that take care and, in a certain extent, reset the starting conditions in a convenient and reproducible manner. This is particularly needed for small grained perovskite layers, on one hand used to implement pinhole-free coverages, but, on the other hand, offering extended lattice discontinuities due to the high surface to volume ratio. In addition to morphology and environment, temperature-related effects are unavoidable during device operation. [24,26] A rationalization of the phenomena needs to embody heating and thermal cycles to preserve the material integrity and/or the structural reversibility versus temperature.In this framework, we argue that nitrogen species have an active role in the stabilization of all the exposed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) surfaces via their action at grain shells. This conclusion is independent of the particular On the basis of experiment and theory, a general paradigm is drawn that reconsiders N 2 not simply being an inert species but rather an effective healing gas molecule if entering a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) layer. Nitrogen is soaked into polycrystalline MAPbI 3 via a postdeposition mild thermal treatment under slightly overpressure conditions to promote its diffusion across the whole layer. A significant reduction of radiative recombination and a concurrent increase of light absorption, with a maximum benefit at 80 °C, are observed. Concomitantly, the current of holes drawn from the surfaces with nanometer resolution through a biased tip is raised by a factor of 3 un...

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“…Thanks to the eclectic features of hybrid perovskites, various thinfilm device layouts have so far been explored with the main emphasis more recently being directed on the design and processing of polycrystalline perovskite-based devices. [5][6][7][8][9] Thereby, much effort has been focused towards improving the surface coverage of the solution-processed perovskite active layer, e.g., by increasing the size and quality of their crystalline domains…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Gelators as Growth Control Agents for Stable and Reproducible Hybrid Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells

Masi

Rizzo

Munir

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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Article type: Full paperOrganic gelators as growth control agents for stable and reproducible hybrid perovskite-based solar cells Sofia Masi, [a] Aurora Rizzo, [a] Rahim Munir, [b] Andrea Listorti, [a,c] Antonella Giuri, [d] Carola Esposito Corcione, [d] Neil D. Treat, [e] Giuseppe Gigli, [a,c] Aram Amassian, [b] * Natalie Stingelin, [e,f] * and Silvia Colella* [a,c] Low molecular-weight organic gelators are widely used to influence the solidification of polymers, with applications ranging from packaging items, food containers to organic electronic devices, including organic photovoltaics. Here, this concept is extended to hybrid halide perovskite-based materials. In-situ time-resolved grazing incidence wide angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements performed during spin-coating reveal that organic gelators beneficially influence the nucleation and growth of the perovskite precursor phase. This can be exploited for the fabrication of planar n-i-p heterojunction devices with MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3 + ) that display a performance that not only is enhanced by ∼25% compared to solar cells where the active layer was produced without the use of a gelator but that also feature a higher stability to moisture and a reduced hysteresis. Most importantly, the presented approach is straight-forward and simple, and it provides a general method to render the film-formation of hybrid perovskites more reliable and robust, analogous to the control that is afforded by these additives in the processing of commodity 'plastics'.

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The Bright Side of Perovskites

Cited by 118 publications

References 112 publications

Optical determination of Shockley-Read-Hall and interface recombination currents in hybrid perovskites

Optical determination of Shockley-Read-Hall and interface recombination currents in hybrid perovskites

Nitrogen Soaking Promotes Lattice Recovery in Polycrystalline Hybrid Perovskites

Organic Gelators as Growth Control Agents for Stable and Reproducible Hybrid Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells

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