The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium expansum

Zetina-Serrano, Chrystian; Rocher, Ophélie; Naylies, Claire; Lippi, Yannick; Oswald, Isabelle P.; Lorber, Sophie

doi:10.3390/ijms21186660

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…A recent study in P. expansum showed that the brlA gene not only affects the stage of conidiation of the fungus but also affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Zetina-Serrano et al [ 157 ] showed that the suppression of brlA results in a strain devoid of conidia and that the production of communesins and derivatives was drastically decreased, whereas the production of chaetoglobosins and derivatives increased. Neither patulin nor citrinin production was affected by the suppression of brlA .…”

Section: Regulation Of Secondary Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus

Assaf

Zetina-Serrano

Tahtah

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Penicillium, one of the most common fungi occurring in a diverse range of habitats, has a worldwide distribution and a large economic impact on human health. Hundreds of the species belonging to this genus cause disastrous decay in food crops and are able to produce a varied range of secondary metabolites, from which we can distinguish harmful mycotoxins. Some Penicillium species are considered to be important producers of patulin and ochratoxin A, two well-known mycotoxins. The production of these mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites is controlled and regulated by different mechanisms. The aim of this review is to highlight the different levels of regulation of secondary metabolites in the Penicillium genus.

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Section: Regulation Of Secondary Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus

Assaf

Zetina-Serrano

Tahtah

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The brlA gene, which encodes the C 2 H 2 zinc-finger transcription factor, modulates conidiation-specific genes and initiates conidiation; abaA activated by BrlA is required for the differentiation and function maintenance of phialides, and wetA activated by AbaA is essential for spore formation and maturation [ 37 ]. A recent study demonstrated the conserved role of BrlA in the conidiophore development of P. expansum [ 38 ]. These findings further support that PeRmtC positively regulates conidiogenesis of P. expansum by mediating the two important regulatory genes PeBrlA and PeAbaA .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine Methyltransferase PeRmtC Regulates Development and Pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum via Mediating Key Genes in Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism

Chen

et al. 2021

JoF

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Penicillium expansum is one of the most common and destructive post-harvest fungal pathogens that can cause blue mold rot and produce mycotoxins in fruit, leading to significant post-harvest loss and food safety concerns. Arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) modulates various cellular processes in many eukaryotes. However, the functions of PRMTs are largely unknown in post-harvest fungal pathogens. To explore their roles in P. expansum, we identified four PRMTs (PeRmtA, PeRmtB, PeRmtC, and PeRmt2). The single deletion of PeRmtA, PeRmtB, or PeRmt2 had minor or no impact on the P. expansum phenotype while deletion of PeRmtC resulted in decreased conidiation, delayed conidial germination, impaired pathogenicity and pigment biosynthesis, and altered tolerance to environmental stresses. Further research showed that PeRmtC could regulate two core regulatory genes, PeBrlA and PeAbaA, in conidiation, a series of backbone genes in secondary metabolism, and affect the symmetric ω-NG, N’G-dimethylarginine (sDMA) modification of proteins with molecular weights of primarily 16–17 kDa. Collectively, this work functionally characterized four PRMTs in P. expansum and showed the important roles of PeRmtC in the development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of P. expansum.

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Ultraviolet Applications to Control Patulin Produced by Penicillium expansum CMP-1 in Apple Products and Study of Further Patulin Degradation Products Formation and Toxicity

Nicolau-Lapeña

Rodríguez‐Bencomo

Colás-Medà

et al. 2022

Food Bioprocess Technol

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Patulin is a mycotoxin whose presence in apple-derived products and fruit juices is legally regulated, being its maximum limits established in the legislation of multiple countries. However, the management of contaminated batches is still an issue for producers. This investigation aims to evaluate ultraviolet light (254 nm, UV-C254nm) irradiation to find solutions that can be applied at different stages of the apple juice production chain. In this regard, 8.8 (UV-1) and 35.1 (UV-2) kJ m−2 treatments inactivated spores of Penicillium expansum CMP-1 on the surface of apples. Although the same treatments applied to wounded apples (either before the infection or after the infection, immediately or when the lesion had appeared) did not show any effect on the growth rate of P. expansum during storage (up to 14 days, at 4 or 25 °C), they reduced patulin content per lesion size in apples treated after the infection had occurred (patulin decreased from 2.24 (control) to 0.65 µg kg−1 cm−2 (UV-2 treated apples)). Additionally, the treatment of juice with patulin with ultraviolet light up to 450.6 kJ m−2 resulted in more than 98 % reduction of patulin. Degradation products of patulin after UV-C254nm treatments were tentatively identified by HPLC–MS, and toxicity and biological activities were assessed in silico, and results indicated that such products did not pose an increased risk when compared to patulin.

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The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium expansum

Cited by 11 publications

References 108 publications

Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus

Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus

Arginine Methyltransferase PeRmtC Regulates Development and Pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum via Mediating Key Genes in Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism

Ultraviolet Applications to Control Patulin Produced by Penicillium expansum CMP-1 in Apple Products and Study of Further Patulin Degradation Products Formation and Toxicity

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