A free, open media is requisite for well-functioning democracy. Whether the modern media environment fulfills this function is, however, debatable. Disinformation -- the deliberate provision of false or misleading narratives with harmful intent -- is a particular concern. This concern is particularly acute in Central Europe, where disinformation intends to undermine support for Euro-Atlanticism by stoking identity-related grievances amongst socioculturally conservative individuals. Yet, we lack causal evidence concerning whether and to what extent this disinformation impacts attitudes. Using the critical case of Slovakia, this article identifies predictors of disinformation readership and trust, as well as disinformation's effects on anti-European Union, prejudiced, and xenophobic attitudes. Disinformation exposure leads to a backlash effect: false news headlines shift opinion in a pro-Europe, less prejudiced direction. Heterogeneous effects amongst ideological subgroups underscore how directionally motivated information processing conditions individual reactions. This analysis shows that the impact of disinformation depends on the ideological convictions of the target audience.