The buccal cytome and micronucleus frequency is substantially altered in Down's syndrome and normal ageing compared to young healthy controls

Thomas, Philip; Harvey, S.; Gruner, Tini M; Fenech, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.08.012

Cited by 147 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a second study, Pani et al (20) also investigated the DNA synthesis of lymphocytes after growthstimulation with phytohemagglutinin and found that neutral lipid content increased in parallel with the rate of cell growth in vitro, supporting the possibility that the optimal nutrition in culture medium restored the capacity of cells to maintain cholesteryl ester synthesis. We previously hypothesized that the regenerative potential of the buccal mucosa was reduced with development of AD (8,10), and therefore, it is possible that the rate of regeneration and proliferation of buccal cells influences the cytoplasmic accumulation of neutral lipids in vivo; this may partly explain why a decrease of neutral lipid content in buccal cells occurs in the early stage of AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this procedure, buccal cells were categorized as basal, transitional, or differentiated cells. To verify that this categorization of cells was similar to that used in our previous (nonautomated) study (8)(9)(10), galleries of cells were viewed to allow the proper categorization based on the cytoplasm area as well as the nuclear Area / cytoplasm Area ratios. For each participant, 500 cells on average were scored to determine the frequency of each cell type in the buccal cytome depending on the slide preparation.…”

Section: Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single cells on the microscope slide (as in Figs. 1B-1E) were classified in a similar manner to previously, using the buccal cytome approach (8)(9)(10). This allowed us to score the cell population consisting of basal, transitional, and differentiated or karyolytic cell types by adapting an automated scoring system that was developed using the iCyte software (21).…”

Section: Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered cytological parameters in buccal cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2014

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Previous studies have shown that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be reflective of the early stages of more pronounced neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a need for a minimally invasive and inexpensive diagnostic to identify those who exhibit cellular pathology indicative of MCI and AD risk so that they can be prioritized for primary preventative measures. The hypothesis was that a minimally invasive approach using cytological markers in isolated buccal mucosa cells can be used to identify individuals of both MCI and AD. An automated buccal cell assay was developed using laser scanning cytometry (LSC) to measure buccal cell type ratios, nuclear DNA content and shape, and neutral lipid content of buccal cells from clinically diagnosed AD (n 5 13) and MCI (n 5 13) patients prior to treatment compared to age-and gender-matched controls (n 5 26). DNA content was significantly higher in all cell types in both MCI (P < 0.01) and AD (P < 0.05) compared with controls mainly due to an increase in >2N nuclei. Abnormal nuclear shape (circularity) was significantly increased in transitional cells in MCI (P < 0.001) and AD (P < 0.01) when compared to controls. In contrast, neutral lipid content (as measured by Oil red O "ORO" staining) of buccal cells was significantly lower in the MCI group (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The ratio of DNA content/ORO in buccal basal cells for both MCI and AD was significantly higher compared to the control group, with ratios for MCI being approximately 2.8-fold greater (P < 0.01) and AD approximately 2.3-fold greater (P < 0.05) than the control group. Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between buccal cell DNA content and ORO content in the AD group (r 2 5 0.75, P < 0.0001) but not in MCI or controls. The changes in the buccal cell cytome observed in this study could prove useful as potential biomarkers in identifying individuals with an increased risk of developing MCI and eventually AD. V C 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered cytological parameters in buccal cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2014

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“…The slices were stained with Giemsa 5%. The criterion of scoring cells with MN and other anomalies was the same as described by Thomas et al [31]. We scored one thousand cells for each sampling.…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational risk assessment of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in workers exposed to paints during a working week

Cassini

Calloni

Bortolini

et al. 2011

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: Paints are complex mixtures of solvents and metals that can induce health damages in workers exposed to them. The aim of the present work was to evaluate possible oxidative and genotoxic effects in workers exposed to paints. Material and Methods: Peripheral blood and buccal cell samples were collected from 33 workers exposed to paints and 29 non-exposed workers (controls) during an ordinary working week (Monday morning and Friday evening). Oxidative markers were assessed using thiobarbituric acid assay, carbonylated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Hippuric acid and delta-aminolevulinic acid were determined as biomarkers of toluene and lead exposure, respectively. Genotoxicity was measured through comet assay and micronucleus (MN) frequencies. Results: The exposed group showed higher hippuric acid and delta-aminolevulinic acid levels (Friday samples) and lower superoxide dismutase activity (Monday samples) in relation to control group. DNA damage index (comet assay) was higher in the exposed group, both in Monday and Friday samples, compared to the control group. No differences were observed in frequency of micronuclei (MN) between the groups, either in lymphocytes or buccal cells. However, the exposed group presented an increase (Monday samples) in nuclear buds frequency in lymphocytes -a marker of gene amplificationas well as an increase in condensed chromatin in the buccal cells (Monday and Friday samples), suggesting induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, a decrease in the nuclear division index (Friday samples) was observed in the exposed group, indicating that paint exposure induces cytostatic effects in lymphocytes. Conclusion: The results suggest that individuals exposed to paints have increased levels of DNA damage.

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“…This increase in osmotic pressure in extracellular fluid causes osmotic transfer of water out of the cells explaining the reduction in CA. 16 The comparison of N/C ratio between control and experiment groups showed a steady increase in N/C ratio (from Control-0.0188 to Group III-0.0369) with increasing 15 who also reported increase in N/C ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Efficacy of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Light Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study

Gopal

Narasimhan

Reddy

2015

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global problem. By monitoring the health status of these individuals, diabetic complications can be prevented. We aimed to analyze alterations in the morphology and cytomorphometry of buccal epithelial cells of type 2 DM patients using oral exfoliative cytology technique and determine its importance in public health screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods:The study was carried out in 100 type 2 DM patients and 30 healthy individuals. Smears were taken from the right buccal mucosa and stained by the Papanicolaou technique. Staining with Acridine orange was carried out to view qualitative changes with confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM-510 Meta). The cytomorphometry was evaluated using IMAGE PRO PLUS 5.5 software with Evolution LC camera. All findings were statistically analyzed. Results:The results showed that with increase in fasting plasma glucose levels, there is significant increase in nuclear area, decrease in cytoplasmic area, and increase in nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Various qualitative changes were noted, such as cell degeneration, micronuclei, binucleation, intracytoplasmic inclusion, candida and keratinization. Conclusion:In the present study, we found significant alterations in the cytomorphometry and cytomorphology of buccal epithelial cells of type 2 DM patients. This study supports and extends the view that these cellular changes can alert the clinician to the possibility of diabetes and aid in monitoring of diabetes throughout the lifetime of the patient.

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The buccal cytome and micronucleus frequency is substantially altered in Down's syndrome and normal ageing compared to young healthy controls

Cited by 147 publications

References 32 publications

Altered cytological parameters in buccal cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Altered cytological parameters in buccal cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Occupational risk assessment of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in workers exposed to paints during a working week

Efficacy of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Light Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study

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