The building blocks behind the electrohydrodynamics of non-polar 2D-inks

Rijo, Pedro C.; Galindo-Rosales, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2023.102042

Applied Materials Today

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2023.102042

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The building blocks behind the electrohydrodynamics of non-polar 2D-inks

Pedro C. Rijo,

Francisco J. Galindo-Rosales

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

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On the electrohydrodynamic jet printing of two-dimensional material-based inks for printed electronics

Rijo,

Vega,

Galindo-Rosales

et al. 2024

Physics of Fluids

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Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a well-known advanced manufacturing technique that uses electric fields to generate and control fine jets of fluid for high-precision deposition of materials. This method enables the printing of extremely fine features, making it ideal for applications such as printed electronics. However, little is known about the optimal conditions for achieving consistent jet stability and droplet formation, especially when dealing with complex and volatile fluids laden with two-dimensional (2D) nanoparticles. In this work, we study the electrohydrodynamic printing process of 2D material-based inks using toluene as the main carrier fluid. Adding ethyl cellulose to toluene allows us to increase the stability of the suspensions and establish the steady cone-jet mode of electrospray. A small amount of ethanol increases the fluid conductivity, stabilizing the steady cone-jet mode and reducing the jet diameter. The inks behave as leaky-dielectric, weakly viscoelastic liquids. For this reason, the jet diameter and minimum flow rate obey the scaling laws for electrospray of Newtonian liquids. We determine the optimal parameter conditions for the EHD printing of our inks directly onto a non-conductive substrate. The influence of the substrate's velocity on the width of the printed lines is analyzed. These findings enlarge the knowledge about how to increase the throughput in the EHD jet printing process while controlling the resolution of the printed lines when using volatile solvents, 2D nanomaterials, and non-conductive substrates.

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On the electrohydrodynamic jet printing of two-dimensional material-based inks for printed electronics

Rijo,

Vega,

Galindo-Rosales

et al. 2024

Physics of Fluids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Electrorheological characterization of complex fluids used in electrohydrodynamic processes: Technical issues and challenges

Rijo,

Galindo-Rosales

2024

Applied Rheology

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The electrorheological (ER) characterization of low-viscosity fluids is paramount for producing micro- and nanoscale products through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques, such as EHD-jet printing, electrospray, and electrospinning. Key properties such as viscosity, surface tension, dielectric properties, electrical conductivity, and relaxation time significantly influence both the quality and properties of the final products and the efficiency of the industrial process. ER characterization is essential for studying the macroscopic effects of the interaction between these physicochemical properties under controlled flow kinematics. Researchers may face several technical challenges in performing rigorous ER characterization of moderate conductive fluids typically used in EHD processes. This characterization is crucial for formulating inks compatible with these processes and for understanding fluid dynamics in EHD processes to ensure stable printing conditions and achieve high-resolution, accurate prints. This work highlights the inherent limitations of current ER cells and proposes methodologies to mitigate their impact on measurement accuracy. Furthermore, we propose the use of microfluidic devices as a solution for the ER characterization of moderate conductive fluids.

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The building blocks behind the electrohydrodynamics of non-polar 2D-inks

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

On the electrohydrodynamic jet printing of two-dimensional material-based inks for printed electronics

On the electrohydrodynamic jet printing of two-dimensional material-based inks for printed electronics

Electrorheological characterization of complex fluids used in electrohydrodynamic processes: Technical issues and challenges

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