The building of social resilience in Sichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake: A perspective of the socio-government interactions

Abstract

China implemented its Emergency Response Law to ensure national unified leadership and collaboration when responding to emergencies. In recent years, China's main focuses for enhancing disaster management have included emergency preparation, emergency management, and legal system mechanisms. However, its well-designed management system faced a great challenge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. By examining the literature on the development of disaster management, we realized that enhancing selforganization in communities can effectively resolve problems caused by collective actions and strengthen resilience to disasters.In the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, the literature has focused more on empowering communities during disaster management in China. However, literature on the compatibility of social resilience and the government-dominant model in China is still scant. This study investigates China's current disaster management system design; specifically, it identifies ways and methods for counteracting any conflicts between disaster management under social synergies and China's emergency management system. It further explores what factors facilitate the balance between social synergies and the emergency management system if the two concepts were fused together. Using case studies, in-depth interviews, and a focus group in the field of public administration, this study collected qualitative data to understand the changes in China's disaster management system since the Wenchuan earthquake as well as provide recommendations for future reform. However, the above-mentioned plans were challenged by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which forced the government to shift efforts to further strengthen emergency management with an "emergency plan" and "emergency management system, construction of mechanism and legal system" (i.e., three-in-one measurements) (Tong and Zhang, 2012, pp. 23, 28). By the end of 2008, China had established 35 laws, 37 administrative regulations, 55 institutional rules, and 111 documents related to emergency response development (Yu, 2016, pp. 41-42). In October 2016, the National Committee for Disaster Reduction issued China's Disaster Reduction Action Plan during the Twelfth Five-Years, which included four aspects: regulations and institutional mechanisms

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“…As a result, this concept has been adapted to various contexts, including biology, ecology, pedagogy, psychology, and sociology, among others. Some of the most prominent types of resilience explored in the literature entail: the socio-ecological resilience ( Islam et al, 2020 ; McLeod et al, 2021 ; Cinner & Barnes, 2019 ; Ruiz, 2011 ) derived from the socio-ecological systems approach and used in ecosystem management ( Berkes, Colding and Folke, 2002 ; Fernández, 2017 ; Sabatinelli and Aguilar, 2018 ); social resilience ( Wickes et al, 2017 ; Khalili et al, 2015 ; Lwin et al, 2020 ; Saja et al, 2021 ; Wang, Guo y Kuo, 2020 ); organizational resilience ( Salanova, 2020 ; Reis et al, 2017 ; Alarcón et al, 2019 ); urban climate resilience ( Tyler & Moench, 2012 ); and community resilience ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Rendon et al, 2021 ; Musavengane & Kloppers, 2020 ; Uriarte, 2010 , 2013 ; Joseph et al, 2020 ; Pfefferbaum and Van Horn, 2014 ; Kirmayer et al, 2009 ; Pollok et al, 2019 ). The latter focuses on the examination of community capacities, capabilities, and resources to respond to adverse events ( Paton & Johnston, 2001 ) and is the focus of this study.…”

Analysis of the state of social resilience among different socio-demographic groups during the COVID- 19 pandemic

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