The Bunker Climate Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean

Isemer, Hans-Jörg; Hasse, Lutz

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82543-9

Cited by 95 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…In its natural environment of the intertidal zone of Brittany, Sipunculus nudus will hardly ever encounter temperatures this low, since this species lives close to the low water line and mean water temperature is 9°C in January and February (Isemer and Hasse 1985). The low critical temperature is characterized by the onset of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by the accumulation of acetate, propionate and succinate and by the development of acidosis which is not only related to metabolism, but also to respiratory acidification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and ATP free-energy change of the intertidal worm Sipunculus nudus below a critical temperature

Zielinski¹,

Pörtner²

1996

Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and

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The intertidal worm Sipunculus nudus was exposed to various temperatures for an analysis of the integrated changes in energy and acid-base status. Animals were incubated in sea water or maintained for up to 8 days at 4 and 0°C while dwelling in the sediment. Cannulation of the animals prior to experimentation allowed the analysis of blood gas parameters (P -, P !-and pH). P -fell to 0 torr within 8 days at 0°C. A simultaneous reduction of ventilatory activity was derived from measurements of the pattern of coelomic fluid pressure changes associated with ventilatory movements. The increase in P !-and an onset of anaerobic metabolism, indicated by the accumulation of end products like acetate and propionate both in the coelomic fluid and the body wall musculature, led to the development of a progressive acidosis and a deviation from the alphastat regulation of intracellular pH seen in unburied animals. The drop in intracellular pH together with the depletion of the adenylates and the phosphagen, phospho-L-arginine, reflect a significant decrease in the Gibb's free-energy change of ATP hydrolysis. These changes are interpreted to indicate lethal cold injuries, because recovery was not possible when the animals were returned to 12°C after more than 2 days of exposure to 0°C. A low critical temperature indicating the onset of cold-induced anaerobiosis is concluded to exist below 4°C owing to the insufficient response of the ventilatory system to the developing hypoxia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and ATP free-energy change of the intertidal worm Sipunculus nudus below a critical temperature

Zielinski¹,

Pörtner²

1996

Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and

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“…The enhanced vapor 20%; Isemer and Hasse (1985) use a revised Beaufort wind scale that increases the wind speed and evaporation rates in the low wind speed regions such as the tropics. The value of Iv is also elevated because the average h value from the Isemer and Hasse (1985) data is rv85%, substantially larger than the value of 75% used by . Since h enters into the vapor flux as h/(1-h), a relatively small change in h can have a profound effect on Iv.…”

Section: Atmospheric Thitium Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…note this possibility but argue that since the peak 3 H concentrations (summer) and maximum E and P values (winter) occur out of phase the seasonal cycles should effectively cancel. To check this result, I have computed lp and Iv using monthly data for P (Dorman and Bourke, 1981), E and h (Isemer and Hasse, 1985), and the seasonal tritium cycle . The seasonal changes in E and P both act to increase the tritium deposition during winter when tritium levels are low; high summer h levels, in contrast, lead to enhanced vapor exchange during the peak of the tritium seasonal cycle.…”

Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net effect of the tritium and hydrological seasonal cycles does not perfectly cancel as suggested by . The seasonal model IP+V value is reduced by 1.5x 10 16 TU81N ·m 3 relative to the model scenario using the annual mean P, E, and h fields from Dorman and Bourke (1981) and Isemer and Hasse (1985).…”

Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solubility data of Warner and Weiss (1985) We can crudely estimate the gas exchange time scale for the summer mixed layer ( 15- 1930 1940 1950 1970 1980 1990 Year Figure 6-6: Reconstructed time histories for CFC-12 and CFC-11 mixing ratios (ppt) for the atmosphere normalized to the OC202 data (1988) at 40°N. 50 meters) 3 using the Li ss and Merlivat (1986) piston velocity-wind relationship applied to the climatological winds for the eastern subtropics (Isemer and Hasse, 1985). The Liss and Merlivat (1986) piston velocities, reported for C0 2 at 25°C (Sc=600) , are scaled to CFC-12 and CFC-11 using the ratio of the square root of the C0 2 and CFC Schmidtt numbers (Ledwell, 1984).…”

Section: Mixed Layer and Seasonal Thermoclinementioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of North Atlantic ventilation using transient tracers

Doney¹

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On the spatial structure and temporal variability of poleward transport between Scotland and Greenland

2014

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The flow north of warm subtropical water though the northeastern Atlantic is known to have many pathways that vary over time. Here we use a combination of upper ocean current measurements between Greenland and Scotland near 60 N and satellite altimetry to examine the space-time variability of poleward transport. The high-resolution scans of currents in the top 400 m show that the Reykjanes Ridge serves as a very effective separator of flow toward the Nordic and Labrador Seas, respectively. Whereas the Labrador Sea branch exhibits two mean flows to the north on the western slope of the Reykjanes Ridge, the eastern branch flows north in roughly equal amounts over the deep Maury channel and east of Hatton Bank including the Slope Current. There is also a well-defined southward flow along the eastern slope of the Reykjanes Ridge. The satellite altimetric sea surface height (SSH) data show good overall agreement with geostrophically determined -level difference from the repeat ADCP sections (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002), but are unable to resolve the fine structure of the topographically defined mean circulation. The altimetric data show that variations in poleward flow west and east of the Reykjanes Ridge are strongly anticorrelated. They further reveal that the two eastern subbranches also exhibit anticorrelated variability, but offset in time with respect to the Labrador Sea branch. Remarkably, all these variations cancel out for the entire Greenland-Scotland section leaving a gradual decrease in sea-level difference of about 0.06 m over the 1993 to the end of 2010 observation period.

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The Bunker Climate Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

Energy metabolism and ATP free-energy change of the intertidal worm Sipunculus nudus below a critical temperature

Energy metabolism and ATP free-energy change of the intertidal worm Sipunculus nudus below a critical temperature

A study of North Atlantic ventilation using transient tracers

On the spatial structure and temporal variability of poleward transport between Scotland and Greenland

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