The burden of acute respiratory infections in Ecuador 2011-2015

Abstract

BackgroundBurden of disease studies intend to improve public health decision-making and to measure social and economic impact in population. The objective of this study was to describe the burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Ecuador between 2011 and 2015.MethodsFive-year period morbidity and mortality data available from national agencies of statistics was analyzed to estimate the burden of disease attributable to acute respiratory infections. Cases and deaths registered were grouped according to their ICD-10 code into three diagnostic groups: Acute upper respiratory infections (J00-J06), Influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18), and Bronchitis and other acute lower respiratory infections (J20-J22, J85, J86). Disability-adjusted life years stratified by diagnostic and age group were calculated using the “DALY” package for R. The productivity loss in monetary terms was estimated using the human capital method.ResultsOver the 5-year period studied there were a total of 14.84 million cases of acute respiratory infections, with 17 757 deaths reported (0.12%). The yearly burden of disease ranged between 98 944 to 118 651 disability-adjusted life years, with an estimated average loss of productivity of US$152.16 million (±19.6) per year. Approximately 99% of the burden can be attributed to years life lost due to premature mortality in population under 5 years old and over 60 years-old.ConclusionsThe burden of acute respiratory infections remained steady during the analyzed period. Evidence-based prevention and control policies to tackle acute respiratory infections in Ecuador should focus on the population at extreme ages of life.

Incidence and seasonality of respiratory viruses among medically attended children with acute respiratory infections in an Ecuador birth cohort, 2011–2014

“…Children with laboratory-confirmed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) medically attended acute respiratory infection (MAARI) in the Esmeraldas Province birth cohort and weighted average percent of samples testing positive for each virus at the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) throughout Ecuador by epidemic week, 2011-2014 prevent respiratory illnesses, which were associated with an annual productivity loss of US$152 million. 17 Rates of RSV among cohort children were on the higher range of those estimated for high-income countries 18 and similar to those estimated from the few other tropical LMICs that have estimated such rates through cohort studies (e.g., Kenya 19 ). While there are currently no licensed vaccines to prevent RSV among infants, several are in development 20 and might eventually be of value in mitigating the global burden of RSV.…”

“… 16 Such a burden suggests the value of continued investment in Ecuador's pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent respiratory illnesses, which were associated with an annual productivity loss of US$152 million. 17 …”

“…The incidence of respiratory viruses among this young age group is important because younger children are also at highest risk of viral 14 and bacterial pneumonias 15 and subsequent hospitalizations 16 . Such a burden suggests the value of continued investment in Ecuador's pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent respiratory illnesses, which were associated with an annual productivity loss of US$152 million 17 …”

Bariatrik cerrahi sonrası kilo kaybı döneminde toplum kökenli akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının sıklığındaki değişim: Bir gözlemsel vaka-çapraz çalışma. Bariatrik cerrahi geçirenler risk altında mı?

“…But also, it may be due to inappropriate using of ICD-10 codes by health care providers, such as using of acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary disease diagnosis code (J44) instead of any ARTIs code. The overlapping clinical syndromes caused by the etiologic agents of acute respiratory infections make it difficult to assign a specific etiology based on the clinical presentations [30]. Physicians dealing with ARTIs do not usually make an effort to identify the microorganism causing infection.…”

Seasonal influenza, its complications and related healthcare resource utilization among people 60 years and older: A descriptive retrospective study in Japan

“…We defined patients with clinically diagnosed influenza (CDI) based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10 th revision (ICD-10) administrative codes (ICD-10; J09 to J18 and J22), which are associated with influenza and pneumonia [ 11 ]. Any of these codes appearing at any position in the patient’s discharge diagnosis list was captured.…”