The Burden of Bancroftian Filariasis in Nigeria: A Review

Hussaini, Adamu; Isaac, Clement; Rahimat, Hussaini; Inegbenosun, Collins; Obasuyi, Cedric; Solomon, Ezekiel

doi:10.4314/ejhs.v30i2.18

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Contrary to the prevalence rates reported for this infection in other climatic zones of Nigeria which show a high prevalence of 19.2%, 15.8%, and 37%, respectively [15,16], the overall infection in this study is generally low. Perhaps the perception of the people about the disease has improved.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus among apparently healthy population in Adamawa-north senatorial zone

Usman,

Mohammed,

Barka

et al. 2024

Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep.

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Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases that is still prevalent in Nigeria. The disease is of considerable socio-economic and public health importance with a lot of implications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of human onchocerciasis in five communities of the Northern Senatorial District of Adamawa State, Nigeria. A total of 629 study subjects were randomly selected and enrolled for the study. Skin snip and venous blood were collected from 196 and 433 study subjects respectively and examined for microfilaria of Onchocerca volvulus. Results obtained showed an overall of 3.4% infection while different Local Government Areas had different distribution patterns vis-a-viz percentages. Mubi had the highest percentage of 32.4% infection followed by Michika at 2.5% and the least was Madagali with Zero prevalence. Among different occupational groups, students had 7.8% infection, farmers had 3.4%, and other groups had zero prevalence. As per the age bracket, 10-19 years had 9.1% infection followed by 50-59 years (5.0%), and the least was 60-70 years with 1.9%. The Northern Senatorial District population needs to be educated on the disease onchocerciasis as the infection rate is rather increasing or near status with modern-day technology. The government and Non-Governmental Organizations may come in to assist in lowering the infection rate by providing or identifying specific clinics for the treatment or providing preventive drugs free.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus among apparently healthy population in Adamawa-north senatorial zone

Usman,

Mohammed,

Barka

et al. 2024

Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep.

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“…quinquefasciatus commonly known as the southern house mosquito is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. This opportunistic mosquito has an inherent ability to transmit many diseases including lymphatic lariasis, encephalitis, and west Nile fever (Hussaini et al 2020). In addition, the negative impact on socioeconomic status will further create a serious threat to public health (Rai and Saha, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Structure of Culex quinquefasciatus in Osogbo Metropolis, Nigeria inferred from Mitochondrial COI sequences

Aremu

Adediji

Iyoha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Culex mosquito is a major vector of some deadly and debilitating diseases that include lymphatic filariasis and West Nile fever. Understanding the population genetics structure plays a crucial role in unravelling the epidemiological pattern of mosquito-borne disease and facilitating effective vector control measures. Hence, this study investigated the population genetic structure of Culex mosquitoes within selected urban areas in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) DNA region. Mosquito samples were collected from twelve (12) sampling sites in different locations in Osogbo, Osun State and identified on the basis of morphological characteristics followed by mtCOI gene amplification and sequencing. Cx. quinquefasciatus were observed to be significantly distributed in sampling locations. The results of sequence alignment showed stable genetic structure and a shared inter-spatial haplotype owing to the significantly low haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.154; π = 0.112). The TCS network revealed that the dominant haplotype H1 shares a connection with haplotype H19. Tajima’s D values were negative for the sequence datasets with p > 0.05; implying genetic equilibrium of the COI sequences in all populations. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed shared COI sequences and are present in the same subclusters. Intra and interspecies were observed to have varying nucleotide and haplotype diversities. High percentage similarities of the COI region may be linked to human activities that have enhanced gene flow and conferred beneficial mutation attributes. Thus, continuation of this trend could be disadvantageous to the vector control mechanisms for Cx. quinquefasciatus in the selected population.

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“…A meta-analysis that highlighted the changes in the human gut microbiome following treatment with commonly prescribed antibiotics found that return to baseline gut microbiome composition can take from few weeks to several (6+) months. 251 Hence, the increased risk of cardiovascular events after pneumonia that has been demonstrated in clinical studies may, in part, be due to the impact of antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiome and the effect of this phenomenon on cardiovascular disease progression. A recent study of over 37 000 women followed for 28 years found that use of antibiotics in middle and late adulthood was associated with increased cardiovascular risk later in life.…”

Section: Therapeutics For Pneumonia-associated Inflammation: Anti-inf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia-Induced Inflammation, Resolution and Cardiovascular Disease: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Opportunities

Stotts

Corrales–Medina

Rayner

2023

Circulation Research

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Pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs, which is usually caused by an infection. The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to life-threatening, where severe illness is often observed in vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and those with preexisting health conditions. Vaccines have greatly reduced the burden of some of the most common causes of pneumonia, and the use of antimicrobials has greatly improved the survival to this infection. However, pneumonia survivors do not return to their preinfection health trajectories but instead experience an accelerated health decline with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms of this association are not well understood, but a persistent dysregulated inflammatory response post-pneumonia appears to play a central role. It is proposed that the inflammatory response during pneumonia is left unregulated and exacerbates atherosclerotic vascular disease, which ultimately leads to adverse cardiac events such as myocardial infarction. For this reason, there is a need to better understand the inflammatory cross talk between the lungs and the heart during and after pneumonia to develop therapeutics that focus on preventing pneumonia-associated cardiovascular events. This review will provide an overview of the known mechanisms of inflammation triggered during pneumonia and their relevance to the increased cardiovascular risk that follows this infection. We will also discuss opportunities for new clinical approaches leveraging strategies to promote inflammatory resolution pathways as a novel therapeutic target to reduce the risk of cardiac events post-pneumonia.

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The Burden of Bancroftian Filariasis in Nigeria: A Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus among apparently healthy population in Adamawa-north senatorial zone

Prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus among apparently healthy population in Adamawa-north senatorial zone

Population Genetic Structure of Culex quinquefasciatus in Osogbo Metropolis, Nigeria inferred from Mitochondrial COI sequences

Pneumonia-Induced Inflammation, Resolution and Cardiovascular Disease: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Opportunities

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