The burden of Coxiella burnetii among aborted dairy animals in Egypt and its public health implications

Abdel-Moein, Khaled A.; Hamza, Dalia

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.011

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Compared to previous studies conducted in Egypt regarding Q fever in humans, our results showed that the seroprevalence of Q fever among the tested humans in a close contact with small ruminants was 25.71% which is higher than that previously reported (23.3%) in a similar risk group [ 14 ] and those recorded by other researchers [ 12 , 15 , 25 ] who found that the seroprevalence of Q fever was 5, 16.3 and 19% among the individuals of intimate contact with ruminants, respectively.…”

Section: Main Textcontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…Keeping in mind that only three seropositive animals in the present study had a history of abortion, with the assumption that the C. burnetii was the definitive reason behind it, our finding also reported that most, if not all, of the seropositive animals were subclinically infected. This reinforces the fact that the vast majority of C. burnetii infections among animals in Egypt were inapparent because of relative tolerance of native breeds, which are commonly reared in Egypt, to infection [ 25 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveQ fever is a febrile illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) and is transmitted to humans from small ruminants via contaminated secreta and excreta of infected animals. This pathogen threatens public health; however, little is known regarding Q fever prevalence in humans and small ruminants. Therefore, we employed a cross-sectional design to determine the Q fever seroprevalence and the associated risk factors in small ruminants and their owners in El Minya Governorate, Egypt between August 2016 and January 2017.ResultsThe seroprevalence of C. burnetii IgG antibodies was 25.68% (28 of 109), 28.20% (11 of 39) and 25.71% (9 of 35) in sheep, goats, and humans, respectively. None of the studied variables in small ruminants differed significantly between the seropositive and seronegative animals. There was a significantly higher prevalence (P = 0.0435) and increased odds of exposure was also observed among women (odds ratio, OR = 5.43 (95% CI 1.058–27.84) when compared to men; nevertheless, no significant difference was noted between the infection rate in small ruminants and humans. This study clearly points out that Q fever may be emerging in the area which lay the foundation for early prediction and better management of possible future outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2868-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Main Textcontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

et al. 2017

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“…In 2009, the prevalence of C. burnetii in blood samples collected from domestic and imported livestock slaughtered at the abattoir in central Egypt was 4% in buffalo, 8% in sheep, and 70% in camels [ 87 ]. The prevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii among Egyptians in various locations was 5 to 28% particularly among cattle workers, veterinarians and veterinary assistants and those live in agricultural districts [ 82 , 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Bacterial Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt

2017

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Egypt has a unique geographical location connecting the three old-world continents Africa, Asia and Europe. It is the country with the highest population density in the Middle East, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean basin. This review summarizes the prevalence, reservoirs, sources of human infection and control regimes of common bacterial, parasitic and viral zoonoses in animals and humans in Egypt. There is a gap of knowledge conerning the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface in different localities in Egypt. Some zoonotic agents are “exotic” for Egypt (e.g., MERS-CoV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), others are endemic (e.g., Brucellosis, Schistosomiasis and Avian influenza). Transboundary transmission of emerging pathogens from and to Egypt occurred via different routes, mainly importation/exportation of apparently healthy animals or migratory birds. Control of the infectious agents and multidrug resistant bacteria in the veterinary sector is on the frontline for infection control in humans. The implementation of control programs significantly decreased the prevalence of some zoonoses, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, in some localities within the country. Sustainable awareness, education and training targeting groups at high risk (veterinarians, farmers, abattoir workers, nurses, etc.) are important to lessen the burden of zoonotic diseases among Egyptians. There is an urgent need for collaborative surveillance and intervention plans for the control of these diseases in Egypt.

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“…In Egypt like in many other developing countries, Q fever is not a notifiable disease although seroprevalences of up to 32% in adults, 22% in children and 16% in veterinarians and farmers have been reported [ 20 – 22 ]. Hence, a high socioeconomic impact of this disease is very likely [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q fever in Egypt: Epidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii specific antibodies in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and camels

Klemmer

Njeru

Emam³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Clinical presentation in humans varies from asymptomatic to flu-like illness and severe sequelae may be seen. Ruminants are often sub-clinically infected or show reproductive disorders such as abortions. In Egypt, only limited data on the epidemiology of Q fever in animals are available. Using a stratified two stage random sampling approach, we evaluated the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii specific antibodies among ruminants and camels in 299 herds. A total of 2,699 blood samples was investigated using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coxiella burnetii specific antibodies were detected in 40.7% of camels (215/528), 19.3% of cattle (162/840), 11.2% of buffaloes (34/304), 8.9% of sheep (64/716) and 6.8% of goats (21/311), respectively. Odds of seropositivity were significantly higher for cattle (aOR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.96–5.13) and camels (aOR: 9.75; 95% CI: 6.02–15.78). Significant differences in seropositivity were also found between domains (Western Desert, Eastern Desert and Nile Valley and Delta) and 25 governorates (p < 0.001), respectively. Animal rearing in the Eastern Desert domain was found to be a significant risk factor (aOR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.62-2.88). Most seropositive animals were older than four years. No correlation between positive titers and husbandry practices or animal origin were found (p > 0.05). Only 8.7% of the interviewed people living on the farms consumed raw camel milk and none reported prior knowledge on Q fever. Findings from this nationwide study show that exposure to Coxiella burnetii is common in ruminants and camels. Disease awareness among physicians, veterinarians and animal owners has to be raised. Future epidemiological investigations have to elucidate the impact of Q fever on human health and on the economy of Egypt.

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The burden of Coxiella burnetii among aborted dairy animals in Egypt and its public health implications

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt

Q fever in Egypt: Epidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii specific antibodies in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and camels

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