The Burden of Diarrheal Diseases and Its Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Welkite Town: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Wolde, Deneke; Tilahun, Genet Asfaw; Kotiso, Kehabtimer Shiferaw; Medhin, Girmay; Eguale, Tadesse

doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604960

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Diarrheal diseases significantly burden public health infrastructure worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries, affecting all age groups. Despite medical advancement and timely healthcare provision, diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five (the second leading cause of death in this age group, accounting for 15% of all deaths) 1 . Diarrhea results in 1.6 million annual deaths mainly in developing nations, presenting severe implications needing diagnostic and treatment improvements 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic tools for diarrhea: A systematic review of point-of-care tests and biomarkers

Kaur,

Patel,

Haris Ali

et al. 2024

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Background: Diarrhea is a prevalent condition affecting millions worldwide. However, current standard diagnostic methods have many drawbacks. This review examines various non-invasive point-of-care (POC) tests and biomarkers aiding rapid diagnosis of diarrhea from different causes. Methods: PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from 2013 to present for relevant literature. Two reviewers independently assessed included studies’ quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Results: The search yielded 1,453 studies, of which 39 were included after screening and applying eligibility criteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was the POC test in 25 studies, providing consistent sensitivity and specificity. For biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin, and procalcitonin offered high sensitivity and specificity for conditions like acute pediatric diarrhea, microscopic colitis, and inflammatory diarrhea, respectively. Conclusion: PCR proved the ideal POC test for rapid diarrhea diagnosis, while the procalcitonin biomarker helps differentiate inflammatory from non-inflammatory diarrhea. Other reviewed tools also demonstrated promising diagnostic performance, though improvements in sensitivity, specificity, and usability are still needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic tools for diarrhea: A systematic review of point-of-care tests and biomarkers

Kaur,

Patel,

Haris Ali

et al. 2024

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…It is responsible for 80% of child fatalities and more than 50% of paediatric illnesses 13. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan nations with the highest prevalence of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality rate 14. According to the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 report, 1 in every 15 children die before turning 5 years old in Ethiopia, and 12% of children under 5 years had diarrhoeal episodes in the 2 weeks before the survey 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Girmay,

Weldetinsae,

Mengesha

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo determine the associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingBishoftu town, Ethiopia, January–February 2022.ParticipantsA total of 1807 mothers with at least one child under 5 years were included. Sociodemographic and WASH variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. 378 drinking water samples were collected.OutcomeThe response variable was diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years.ResultsThe 2-week prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years was 14.8%. Illiteracy (adjusted OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.54 to 6.47), occupation (0.35; 0.20 to 0.62), mother’s age (1.63; 1.15 to 2.31), family size (2.38; 1.68 to 3.39), wealth index (5.91; 3.01 to 11.59), residence type (1.98; 1.35 to 2.90), sex of the child (1.62; 1.17 to 2.24), child’s age (3.52; 2.51 to 4.93), breastfeeding status (2.83; 1.74 to 4.59), food storage practice (3.49; 1.74 to 8.26), unimproved drinking water source (8.16; 1.69 to 39.46), limited drinking water service (4.68; 1.47 to 14.95), open defecation practice (5.17; 1.95 to 13.70), unimproved sanitation service (2.74; 1.60 to 4.67), limited sanitation service (1.71; 1.10 to 2.65), no hygiene service (3.43; 1.91 to 6.16) and limited hygiene service (2.13; 1.17 to 3.86) were significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease.ConclusionIn this study, diarrhoea among children is a significant health issue. Child’s age, drinking water service, residence type and hygiene service were the largest contributors with respect to the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease. This investigation provides information that could help to inform interventions to reduce childhood diarrhoea. The findings suggest that state authorities should initiate robust WASH strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 agenda.

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“…Diarrhea is a leading cause of death and illness and is of particular concern in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) [1]. According to 2018 estimates, approximately 1.6 million deaths occur each year globally due to diarrhea [2,3]. Annually, it is estimated that among children younger than 5 years, there are 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal disease and between 370,000 and 525,000 diarrhea-related deaths [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agents causing diarrhea seem to multiply rapidly and survive for longer in warmer conditions [11]. Previous studies show that increases in daily ambient temperature are associated with higher numbers of hospital admissions for both adult and childhood diarrhea [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Risk of diarrheal disease has also been found to increase as humidity increases [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Association between Ambient Temperature and Daily Hospital Admissions for Diarrhea in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

et al. 2023

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Diarrhea contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that diarrhea prevalence is associated with ambient temperature. This study aimed to determine if there was an association between ambient temperature and diarrhea at a rural site in South Africa. Daily diarrheal hospital admissions (2007 to 2016) at two large district hospitals in Mopani district, Limpopo province were compared to average daily temperature and apparent temperature (Tapp, ‘real-feel’ temperature that combined temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed). Linear regression and threshold regression, age-stratified to participants ≤5 years and >5 years old, considered changes in daily admissions by unit °C increase in Tapp. Daily ranges in ambient temperature and Tapp were 2–42 °C and −5–34 °C, respectively. For every 1 °C increase in average daily temperature, there was a 6% increase in hospital admissions for diarrhea for individuals of all ages (95% CI: 0.04–0.08; p < 0.001) and a 4% increase in admissions for individuals older than 5 years (95% CI: 0.02–0.05; p < 0.001). A positive linear relationship between average daily Tapp and all daily diarrheal admissions for children ≤5 years old was not statistically significant (95% CI: −0.00–0.03; p = 0.107). Diarrhea is common in children ≤5 years old, however, is more likely triggered by factors other than temperature/Tapp, while it is likely associated with increased temperature in individuals >5 years old. We are limited by lack of data on confounders and effect modifiers, thus, our findings are exploratory. To fully quantify how temperature affects hospital admission counts for diarrhea, future studies should include socio-economic–demographic factors as well as WASH-related data such as personal hygiene practices and access to clean water.

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The Burden of Diarrheal Diseases and Its Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Welkite Town: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic tools for diarrhea: A systematic review of point-of-care tests and biomarkers

Evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic tools for diarrhea: A systematic review of point-of-care tests and biomarkers

Associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Exploring the Association between Ambient Temperature and Daily Hospital Admissions for Diarrhea in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

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