Acute diarrhea is one of the most serious problems of public health in developing countries due to adverse living conditions. An ecological time-series study was conducted in order to analyze trends of diarrhea-related hospitalizations in children under 5 years during 2005-2011 in Argentina. Diarrhea-related hospital discharge (ICD-10 code A00-09) rates were calculated in children under 5 years (DHDRu5y), at regional and national level. To contextualize the trend according to living conditions and health care access, a study of correlation between rates and socioeconomic indicators was performed. During 2005-2011 1,969,834 of hospital discharges in children under 5 years were observed in Argentina. Of them, 9.1% had specific diagnosis of infectious intestinal disease. The highest number of diarrhea-related discharges occurred in 2005. Children under 1 year represented the third of overall hospitalizations and seasonality analysis revealed two annual peaks (summer and winter). Decreasing trend was observed, with a slight increase in the 2007-2009 season. Regional trends showed the same pattern that was observed nationwide. Northwestern and Northeastern regions presented DHDRu5y up to 3-4 times than the Pampeana region. Rates were associated, as expected, with percentage of unmet basic needs, human development index and women with incomplete high school study level indicators. Families and communities are the key areas where health teams should articulate to achieve successful prevention and disease management. Furthermore, these activities need the support of global policies that look for timely performance of primary care, proper nutrition and better sanitary conditions.