The burden of premature mortality in Poland analysed with the use of standard expected years of life lost

Abstract

BackgroundDespite positive changes in the health of the population of Poland, compared to the EU average, the average life expectancy in 2011 was 5 years shorter for males and 2.2 years shorter for females. The immediate cause is the great number of premature deaths, which results in years of life lost in the population. The aim of the study was to identify the major causes of years of life lost in Poland.MethodsThe analysis was based on a database of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, containing information gathered from 375,501 death certificates of inhabitants of Poland who died in 2011. The SEYLLp (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person) and the SEYLLd (SEYLL per death) measures were calculated to determine years of life lost.ResultsIn 2011, the total number of years of life lost by in Polish residents due to premature mortality was 2,249,213 (1,415,672 for males and 833,541 for females). The greatest number of years of life lost in males were due to ischemic heart disease (7.8 per 1,000), lung cancer (6.0), suicides (6.6), cerebrovascular disease (4.6) and road traffic accidents (5.4). In females, the factors contributing to the greatest number of deaths were cerebrovascular disease (3.8 per 1,000), ischemic heart disease (3.7), heart failure (2.7), lung cancer (2.5) and breast cancer (2.3). Regarding the individual scores per person in both males and females, the greatest death factors were road traffic accidents (20.2 years in males and 17.1 in females), suicides (17.4 years in males and 15.4 in females) and liver cirrhosis (12.1 years in males and 11.3 in females).ConclusionsIt would be most beneficial to further reduce the number of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, because they contribute to the greatest number of years of life lost. Moreover, from the economic point of view, the most effective preventative activities are those which target causes which result in a large number of years of life lost at productive age for each death due to a particular reason, i.e. road traffic accidents, suicides and liver cirrhosis.

Years of life lost as a measure of cancer burden in Colombia, 1997-2012

“…In general, our results for AYLL were high when compared to international reports, which inform of less than 7 years AYLL for colorectal and breast cancer (USA), 1.8 for prostate cancer, and 13.8 for lung cancer (6,7,16). In a Polish study, only male brain cancer and cervical cancer showed more than 10 years of life lost per death (AYLL 10.7 and 10.2, respectively) (16).…”

The Burden of Premature Mortality in Turkey in 2001 and 2008

“…This finding suggested an epidemiological transition of diseases from communicable to non-communicable diseases as in all other developed and developing countries (7,25,(27)(28)(29). Chronic diseases are no longer only a problem of the developed world because it was reported that more than 80% of deaths due to chronic diseases took place in low and middle income countries (7,24,25,(27)(28)(29). Similarly, the National Burden of Disease Study of Turkey, 2004 and the Turkey Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Study reported a silently rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases in our country; the results of this study support the findings of that population-based study, which was carried out in 2013 (18,22).…”

“…Another important finding of this study is the dramatic increase in the percentage of SEYLL due to chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular system diseases (34.7% to 41.2%), neoplasms (12.5% to 14.6%) and respiratory system diseases (6.2% to 9.8%), and the dramatic decrease in the percentage of SEYLL due to infectious and parasitic diseases (6.6% to 3.7%). This finding suggested an epidemiological transition of diseases from communicable to non-communicable diseases as in all other developed and developing countries (7,25,(27)(28)(29). Chronic diseases are no longer only a problem of the developed world because it was reported that more than 80% of deaths due to chronic diseases took place in low and middle income countries (7,24,25,(27)(28)(29).…”

“…The expansion of prenatal diagnosis and prenatal care, the increase in giving birth in health facilities and the expansion of neonatal intensive care in the country have contributed to the improved survival of newborns and children in this period (19). The leading cause of premature deaths in our country was chronic non-communicable diseases (Group II) in both 2001 and 2008, as in all developing and developed countries (3,7,(23)(24)(25). However, the proportion of deaths due to chronic non-communicable diseases increased from 66.7% in 2001 to 83.5% in 2008, whereas the proportion of communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions (Group I) declined from 25.6% in 2001 to 11.1% in 2008, following the same pat- tern as in other developed countries.…”

Ocena zmian w nadumieralności mężczyzn w wieku 65 lat i więcej w okresie 1999–2013 w województwie łódzkim

“…Struktura ludności według wieku i płci stanowi istotny element większości analiz demograficznych i stanu zdrowia populacji, gdyż nie tylko determinuje kształto-wanie się przyszłych trendów w zakresie umieralności, ale także daje podstawę do określenia wielu konsekwencji uwarunkowań społeczno-ekonomicznych sytuacji zdrowotnej (Holzer, 2003;Bryła, Burzyńska, Maniecka-Bryła, 2013;Burzyń-ska i in., 2016;Maniecka-Bryła i in., 2015). W Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach, występuje nadumieralność męż-czyzn, jednak skala tego zjawiska jest znacznie wyższa.…”