The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children under 5 years of age in Norway

Havdal, Lise Beier; Bøås, Håkon; Bekkevold, Terese; Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken; Rojahn, A; Størdal, Ketil; Debes, Sara; Døllner, Henrik; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Barstad, Bjørn; Haarr, Elisebet; Fernández, Liliana Vázquez; Nakstad, Britt; Inchley, Christopher Stephen; Flem, Elmira

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.008

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Surveillance was conducted during the winter season, defined as the period from week 40 to week 20 the following year. A detailed description of inclusion and exclusion criteria has been provided previously ( 2 ). Overall, the NorEPIS study cohort included 2,590 children aged 0–59 months from whom a nasopharyngeal flocked swab or aspirate was collected within 72 h post-enrolment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Norwegian Prescription Database ( 20 ) contains data on dispensed drugs in Norway, including palivizumab. A detailed description of all information retrieved from the above registries for identifying underlying risk groups has been provided elsewhere ( 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high incidence of RSV infection imposes a substantial burden on the healthcare system ( 2 ). This emphasizes the importance of identifying children at high risk for severe outcome, to prioritize such populations for preventive treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen identified in pediatric patients presenting with lower respiratory tract infection, which imposes a substantial medical burden among children under 5 years of age worldwide (1)(2)(3). The estimated RSV attributable mortality in this agegroup is as high as 118,200 annual deaths (1), with a clear majority of deaths occurring in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with severe disease in respiratory syncytial virus infected children under 5 years of age

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo evaluate risk factors for severe disease in children under 59 months of age hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Study designWe prospectively enrolled 1,096 cases of laboratory confirmed RSV infection during three consecutive RSV seasons in 2015–2018. Potential risk factors for severe disease were retrieved through patient questionnaires and linkage to national health registries. Need for respiratory support (invasive ventilation, bi-level positive airway pressure, or continuous positive airway pressure), and length of stay exceeding 72 h were used as measures of disease severity. Associations were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Multiple imputation was used to avoid bias and inference induced by missing data.ResultsRisk factors associated with a need for respiratory support included age younger than 3 months of age [aOR: 6.73 (95% CI 2.71–16.7)], having siblings [aOR: 1.65 (95% CI 1.05–2.59)] and comorbidity [aOR: 2.40 (95% CI 1.35–4.24)]. The length of hospital stay >72 h was significantly associated with being younger than 3 months of age [aOR: 3.52 (95% CI 1.65–7.54)], having siblings [aOR: 1.45 (95% CI 1.01–2.08)], and comorbidity [aOR: 2.18 (95% CI 1.31–3.61)]. Sub-group analysis of children younger than 6 months of age confirmed the association between both young age and having siblings and the need for respiratory support.ConclusionIn a large cohort of children <59 months hospitalized with RSV infection, young age, comorbidity, and having siblings were associated with more severe disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with severe disease in respiratory syncytial virus infected children under 5 years of age

et al. 2022

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“…The total number of hospital-attended influenza cases was estimated using the proportions of influenza-coded participants with laboratory-confirmed influenza and the proportion of influenza-confirmed participants assigned ICD-10 influenza codes. Following the same procedure as outlined in Havdal et al ( 31 ), these proportions were applied to the total numbers of influenza-coded hospitalizations in children <18 years of age registered in Norway during the study period, which were retrieved from the NPR for both the NorEPIS study catchment area and for the entire country.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of hospital-attended influenza in Norwegian children

Bøås

Bekkevold²,

Havdal³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundNorwegian health authorities do not recommend universal pediatric vaccination against seasonal influenza. We aimed to estimate the incidence of influenza by age and underlying medical conditions in hospitalized Norwegian children aged <18 years.MethodsActive surveillance for influenza in children <18 years was implemented in five hospitals during 2015–18. Children with respiratory symptoms and/or fever were prospectively enrolled and tested for influenza. Surveillance data were linked to health registry data to estimate the national burden of influenza in hospitals.ResultsIn 309 (10%) out of 3,010 hospital contacts, the child tested positive for influenza, corresponding to an average incidence of 0.96 hospital-attended influenza cases per 1,000 children <18 years of age. Children <1 year of age (3.8 per 1,000 children) and children with underlying medical conditions (17 per 1,000 children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia) had the highest average incidence. Among <1 year old children, 3% tested positive for influenza, compared to 25% for children aged 6–17. Few children were vaccinated against influenza.ConclusionsChildren <1 year of age and children with underlying medical conditions had a higher incidence of influenza requiring hospital treatment compared to the general population. Effective interventions against seasonal influenza for children in Norway should be considered.

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RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

Stein

Zar

2023

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a major global healthcare burden, particularly in those under 5 years of age. There is no available vaccine, with treatment limited to supportive care or palivizumab for high-risk children.Additionally, although a causal relationship has not been established, RSV has been associated with the development of asthma or wheezing in some children. The COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have caused substantial changes to RSV seasonality and epidemiology. Many countries have experienced an absence of RSV during the time of a typical season, followed by an out-of-season surge upon relaxation of NPI use. These dynamics have disrupted traditional RSV disease patterns and assumptions, but also provide a unique opportunity to learn more about the transmission of RSV and other respiratory viruses, as well as inform future approaches to RSV preventive strategies. Here, we review the RSV burden and epidemiology through the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how new data may affect future decisions regarding RSV prevention.

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The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children under 5 years of age in Norway

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Risk factors associated with severe disease in respiratory syncytial virus infected children under 5 years of age

Risk factors associated with severe disease in respiratory syncytial virus infected children under 5 years of age

The burden of hospital-attended influenza in Norwegian children

RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

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