Discusses two competing, 'domestically'-oriented understandings of the dynamics of nationalism in the period 1660-1760 -the notion of an emergent, overarching and inclusive "British" identity and the notion of English "internal colonialism" in relation to the Celtic "peripheries". The author argues, instead, for an approach that highlights England's own "provincial" standing in the wider European world of culture and the ambition to claim an "imperial" role as a way to erase this provinciality.Two tasks confront those interested in the problematic of literature and nationalism in eighteenth-century Britain: first, to understand the nature of nationalism in that context and, second, to understand the contribution of literary discourses to the dynamic of nationalism. Traditionally, accounts of European nationalisms have tended to focus either on the Renaissance-Reformation period or on the period of the French Revolution and Romanticism. The religious, even messianic, nationalisms of the earlier period and the romantic nationalisms of the later period have provided distinctive cultural formations and political conjunctures within which to frame the issue of nationalism. The period of the Restoration and the eighteenth century has lacked an equally resonant framework for conceptualizing nationalism. Indeed, the dominant emphasis has been on the anti-or non-national assumptions of an era of composite monarchies (rather than nation-states or religiously defined "peoples"), of a cosmopolitan ethos (whether aristocratic or "enlightened" in inflection), and of a neoclassical cultural formation operating in the wake of the transnational community of the culture of Latinity. This older view of the Restoration and eighteenth-century period has been layered over by recent work that has taken up issues of nation and empire but there is still much that remains unclear about how to understand issues of nationalism in this context.The two most influential works on the topic of nationalism in eighteenth-century England have both been written by historians: Gerald Newman's The Rise of English Nationalism and Linda Colley's Britons . 1 They are both rich and compelling works -though they offer conflicting