The Burden of Unhelmeted and Uninsured ATV Drivers and Passengers

Merrigan, Tricia L.; Wall, Piper; Smith, Hayden L.; Janus, Todd J.; Sidwell, Richard A.

doi:10.1080/15389588.2011.561455

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previous studies have also found that helmet use was even lower in fatal crashes (5–15%),27 again similar to the present results. Passenger helmet use has previously been reported to be lower than operator use in non-fatal crashes,17 28 and we found this was true for fatal crashes as well. Our fatality analysis further demonstrates that helmet use was lower on the roadway than off, among adults as compared with youth, when vehicles had multiple riders, and when alcohol was involved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

More fatal all-terrain vehicle crashes occur on the roadway than off: increased risk-taking characterises roadway fatalities

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAll-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have steadily increased in popularity, size and speed, characteristics that likely contribute to the alarming rise in ATV-related fatalities. One potentially high-risk activity is riding on the road.ObjectivesTo compare fatal ATV crashes that occur on the roadway and off, to more fully understand factors that contribute to fatalities at each location.MethodsFatality data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) were used for descriptive and comparative analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine relative risk.ResultsOver 60% of all fatalities (1985–2009) resulted from roadway crashes. After 1998, roadway fatalities increased at over twice the rate of off-road fatalities. Roadway crashes were more likely than off-road crashes to involve multiple fatalities, carrying passengers, alcohol use, collisions and head injuries. Roadway victims were less likely to be helmeted than off-road victims. Passengers and operators with passengers were also less likely to be helmeted than operators riding alone. Helmeted victims were half as likely to suffer a head injury.ConclusionsFatal roadway crashes were more likely than off-road crashes to involve risk-taking behaviours (eg, carrying passengers) that could exacerbate the inherent difficulty of operating ATVs on roadway surfaces. Higher crash forces from greater speed, and lower use of protective equipment, may also have contributed to higher roadway mortality rates. Eliminating non-essential ATV road use may be an effective way to reduce ATV-related fatalities. This will likely require a substantial investment in rider education and better enforcement of ATV road use restriction laws.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

More fatal all-terrain vehicle crashes occur on the roadway than off: increased risk-taking characterises roadway fatalities

et al. 2012

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“…8,17 Helmets are estimated to reduce the risk of fatal ATV-related head injuries by 40% and of nonfatal head injuries by 60% or more. 8,17,[25][26][27] ATV Crashes Almost 60% of exposed students in our study reported having been in at least 1 crash in their lifetime. This value is similar to the 44% of children at Connecticut agricultural fairs and the 67% of Illinois 4-H club members reporting having crashed.…”

Section: Helmet Usementioning

confidence: 86%

A School-Based Study of Adolescent All-Terrain Vehicle Exposure, Safety Behaviors, and Crash Experience

Jennissen

Harland

Wetjen

et al. 2014

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE More youth are killed every year in the United States in all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes than on bicycles, and since 2001, one-fifth of all ATV fatalities have involved victims aged 15 years or younger. Effectively preventing pediatric ATV-related deaths and injuries requires knowledge about youth riding practices. Our objective was to examine ATV use, crash prevalence, and riding behaviors among adolescent students in a rural state. METHODSWe administered a cross-sectional survey to 4,684 youths aged 11 to 16 years at 30 schools across Iowa from November 2010 to April 2013. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. RESULTSRegardless of rurality, at least 75% of students reported having been on an ATV, with 38% of those riding daily or weekly. Among ATV riders, 57% had been in a crash. Most riders engaged in risky behaviors, including riding with passengers (92%), on public roads (81%), or without a helmet (64%). Almost 60% reported engaging in all 3 behaviors; only 2% engaged in none. Multivariable modeling revealed male youth, students riding daily/weekly, and those reporting both riding on public roads and with passengers were 1.61 (95% CI, 1.36-1.91), 3.73 (95% CI, 3.10-4.50), and 3.24 (95% CI, 2.09-5.04) times more likely to report a crash, respectively.CONCLUSIONS Three-fourths of youths surveyed were exposed to ATVs. The majority of riders had engaged in unsafe behaviors and experienced a crash. Given this widespread use and the potentially considerable morbidity of pediatric ATV crashes, prevention efforts, including anticipatory guidance by primary care clinicians serving families at risk, should be a higher priority. 1 In fact, more children are killed in the United States each year from ATVs than from bicycle crashes. 2 Previous studies indicate that youth ATV operators have a 12 times greater risk of injury as compared with adults.3 This increased risk is likely due to a number of factors including physical and mental immaturity, lack of training and experience, riding adult-size machines, and a greater likelihood of being a passenger. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Despite the magnitude of the problem, there have been few published studies regarding ATV use, and these studies have mostly been limited to select rural and agricultural groups, 7,[11][12][13][14] or ATV-owning households. 15 To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide epidemiology of ATV use and safety-related behaviors among a large cross-sectional sample of adolescents. administrators. Because previous studies showed that youth aged 12 to 15 years were at highest risk, 8 we targeted classes with students in this age range. Schools participated from across the state, although most were from eastern Iowa. This report includes all 30 participating schools from November 2010 through April 2013. METHODS Study DesignBefore the safety program, an anonymous survey was electronically administered using TurningPoint technology (http://www.turningtechnologies.com/ polling-solutions/turningpoint). TurningPoint displ...

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“…A U.S. study using data from the National Trauma Data Bank described helmet use in injured ATV users admitted to hospital between 2000 and 2004. Only 35% of drivers and 19% of passengers were found to be wearing helmets, although information regarding helmet use was missing in a significant proportion of cases [45]. A Canadian study of ATV fatalities similarly found that 37% of ATV riders had been wearing helmets [14].…”

Section: Helmet Usementioning

confidence: 88%

A Review on All Terrain Vehicle Safety

Fawcett

Tsang

Taheri

et al. 2016

Safety

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All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have become increasing popular in many countries around the world, both for occupational use, as well as recreational use. With an increase in popularity, and the supply of heavier and more powerful machines on the market, major traumas and deaths from ATV use are growing concerns for public health and injury prevention professionals. This review of the literature on ATVs will focus on the mechanism and patterns of ATV-related injuries, the challenges of injury prevention, and the effects of legislation and regulations regarding ATV usage. The increasing burden of injuries and the substantial economic cost from ATV-related traumas and deaths calls for intensification of injury prevention efforts. Modification of risk factors, institution of regulations and legislation, and enforcement of those rules are important steps for prevention of ATV-related harm.

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The Burden of Unhelmeted and Uninsured ATV Drivers and Passengers

Abstract: Helmets are frequently not worn by ATV riders. Helmets protect ATV drivers and passengers and decrease societal costs associated with ATV crashes.

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

More fatal all-terrain vehicle crashes occur on the roadway than off: increased risk-taking characterises roadway fatalities

More fatal all-terrain vehicle crashes occur on the roadway than off: increased risk-taking characterises roadway fatalities

A School-Based Study of Adolescent All-Terrain Vehicle Exposure, Safety Behaviors, and Crash Experience

A Review on All Terrain Vehicle Safety

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