The Butcher, the Baker, and the Carpenter: Chinese Sojourners in the Spanish Philippines and their impact on Southern Fujian (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries)

Chia, Lucille

doi:10.1163/156852006779048435

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Providing daily necessities to the Spaniards, the migrants adopted the Catholic customs of coparenthood (compadrazgo) and godparenthood ( padrinazgo), while continuing their tradition of hiring nonfamily members from their native towns in Fujian to help run their businesses in Manila and entering into sworn brotherhoods. 50 These poor Chinese migrants forged networks and linked communities in China to Manila to fill particular niches in the economy of the Spanish Philippines. 51 In carving out niches based on occupational specialty, they provided services needed by the Spaniards that could not be met by the Indigenous population, at least during the early period of the settlement.…”

Section: Carving Out An Occupational Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Made by Migrants: Southeast Asian Ivories for Local and Global Markets, ca. 1590–1640

Park

2020

The Art Bulletin

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Section: Carving Out An Occupational Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Made by Migrants: Southeast Asian Ivories for Local and Global Markets, ca. 1590–1640

Park

2020

The Art Bulletin

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“…In Manila, most of the commercial business were controlled by the Chinese community. 14 Chinese merchants-usually called Sangley-had settled in Manila several decades before the arrival of Spaniards, and were already connected to the most important commercial networks of the region (Chia, 2006;Boxer, 2017). However, the trade with America generated a massive migration from China, in particular from Fujian.…”

Section: Chinese Merchants In Manilamentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of the Manila Galleon

Mejia

2021

JCEFTS

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Purpose This paper aims to offer a unified economic interpretation of the existing evidence on the Manila Galleon. It intends to be an introduction to the Manila Galleon for economists curious about long-term patterns in global trade, but who are not experts on economic history. Design/methodology/approach The paper jointly presents quantitative and qualitative data to analyze in a critical way the existing work on the Manila Galleon. It proposes a conceptual model from the world-systems approach to reflect on the impact of this trade route. Evidence from two case studies, New Granada and Korea, accompany the model. Findings The paper finds that the Manila Galleon was only possible because of the temporary coincidence of a quite singular set of international circumstances and favorable local market conditions. The paper also finds that, despite its large effects on the global integration of silver markets, the Manila Galleon was a profoundly asymmetric activity that brought minor consequences to most of the world. Research limitations/implications This paper shows the importance of additional studies providing systematic quantitative evidence on the Manila Galleon. The long tradition of an archival collection developed by historians offers a huge potential to this line of research. In addition, studies in regions different from Mexico, the Philippines, Spain and China would contribute to a better understanding of the Manila Galleon’s global consequences. Practical implications This paper provides a series of reflections useful to think about the future challenges of global trade. These challenges require understanding the transformations that will come from profound technological change, massive reconfigurations of the geopolitical order and transitions in the long-term cycles of commodities. Because of their rare occurrence, these are forces hardly visible in recent history, making it necessary for the existence of long-term points of reference such as the Manila Galleon. Originality/value This paper brings together widespread evidence on the Manila Galleon and provides a unified interpretation of it. This opens the door for audiences who are not experts on the economic history of the period to discuss the topic, allowing them to reflect on its lessons for the modern world.

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“…Many local pamphlets that were published in the same period were not taken into consideration due to the lack of reliable bibliographic documentation of these ephemeral objects. In the context of the Spanish Philippines, Chinese migration and trade have been studied in detail by Chia (2006), Bjork (1998) and Gebhardt (2017). The author notes that the Chinese had been block printing since medieval times in the Philippines (Little, 1996).…”

Section: Scope and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Chinese had been block printing since medieval times (Little, 1996). In the context of the Spanish Philippines, the Chinese migration and trade have been studied in detail by Chia (2006), Bjork (1998) and Gebhardt (2017). The scope of this paper also was centered toward building a virtual collection of these rare books.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building virtual collection and Spanish colonial imprints of the Philippines

Pendse

2020

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Purpose The access to the rare originals of the early Spanish colonial imprints of the Philippines remains problematic. The reference librarians often are restricted to directing the students and scholars to the secondary resources that are available both in print and as a part of the digital assets within the North American academic libraries. This paper aims to focus on the select primary source editions including select Spanish language colonial imprints that are available electronically on the Web along the Open Access. These Web-based resources serve as the reference tools for the early history of the Philippines and Southeast Asia. As many of these publications are rare and extremely expensive for most libraries, the Open Access resources serve as an aid to building a virtual collection of these items. Design/methodology/approach The author had to create a data set of the early imprints of the Spanish Philippines using several bibliographic resources. The data set will be submitted as an Appendix for this research paper. The author did both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data set along with the voyant-based digital humanities approach for topic modeling. Findings The goals of this paper were to not only survey the early Spanish printing of the Philippines but also provide the reader with a somewhat complete picture of how the printing began in the Spanish Philippines, what kind of the first books were printed and how one can access them given their rarity and fragility. The collection building paradigms are undergoing significant shifts, and the focus of many academic libraries is shifting toward providing access to these items. As these items high-value low-use items continue to be part of the Special Collections, the access to these is problematic. The virtual collections thus serve as a viable alternative that enables further research and access. While the creators of these works are long gone, the legacy of the Spanish colonial domination, printing and the religious orders in the Philippines remain alive through these works. Research limitations/implications As this is an introductory paper, the author focused on the critical editions rather than providing a comprehensive bibliographic landscape of the presses that produced these editions. He also did not take into consideration many pamphlets that were published in the same period. He also did not consider the Chinese language publications of the Islands. The Chinese had been block printing since medieval times (Little, 1996). In the context of the Spanish Philippines, the Chinese migration and trade have been studied in detail by Chia (2006), Bjork (1998) and Gebhardt (2017). The scope of this paper also was centered toward building a virtual collection of these rare books. Practical implications Rare books are often expensive and out-of-reach for many libraries; the virtual collection of the same along the Open Access model represents an alternative to collect and curate these collections. The stewardship of these collections also acquires a new meaning in the digital milieu. Social implications This research paper will allow scholars to see past the analog editions and help them focus on curating a virtual collection. The questions of electronic access are often ignored when it comes to visiting and using them in a controlled environment of the reading room in the Special Collections. The author argues that one way to enable access to these rare and expensive books is to provide access to their digital counterparts. These digital/virtual surrogates of the originals will facilitate further research. Originality/value The author could not find similar research on the publications of the early Spanish colony of the Philippines.

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The Butcher, the Baker, and the Carpenter: Chinese Sojourners in the Spanish Philippines and their impact on Southern Fujian (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries)

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Made by Migrants: Southeast Asian Ivories for Local and Global Markets, ca. 1590–1640

Made by Migrants: Southeast Asian Ivories for Local and Global Markets, ca. 1590–1640

The economics of the Manila Galleon

Building virtual collection and Spanish colonial imprints of the Philippines

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