“…Nature serves as a constant source of inspiration for mankind, offering a multitude of optimized forms and performances. A minimal surface with zero average curvature is a remarkable type of structure widely existing in nature. – Among these, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are composed of infinite, non-self-intersecting, periodic surface structures in three main directions, including Schwarz Primitive (P), Schwarz Diamond (D), Schwarz Hexagonal (H), Schwarz cross layers of parallels, and Neovius (N). – Remarkably, similar TPMSs also exist widely in biological structures such as butterfly wing scales, crustacean shells, sea urchin bone plates, shells, and weevil exoskeletons. , Different from other artificially designed porous structures, TPMS is an excellent model for the gradient design, functional gradient, and free energy of natural structures. Recently, there has been increasing attention toward biomimetic inhalation sensors based on the TPMS biological mechanism.…”