“… the cadaver can be placed at your disposition here.” – Legal, administrative basis of the transfer of cadavers in the Third Reich, its traces in archival sources

Viebig, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2012.02.005

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These countries were selected over others in the sub-Saharan African region because they had a recent complete list of hospitals with geographic coordinates, and represented different contexts in terms of demography, geography, travel time to the nearest emergency care and facility-based childbirth. National statistics according to the World Bank [19], the Demographic and Health Surveys Program [20], and the 2015 geocoded inventory of emergency hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa by Ouma and colleagues [21] are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Study Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too poor or too far? Partitioning the variability of hospital-based childbirth by poverty and travel time in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania

Wong

Brady

Campbell

et al. 2020

Int J Equity Health

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Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, women are most likely to receive skilled and adequate childbirth care in hospital settings, yet the use of hospital for childbirth is low and inequitable. The poorest and those living furthest away from a hospital are most affected. But the relative contribution of poverty and travel time is convoluted, since hospitals are often located in wealthier urban places and are scarcer in poorer remote area. This study aims to partition the variability in hospital-based childbirth by poverty and travel time in four sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: We used data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania. For each country, geographic coordinates of survey clusters, the master list of hospital locations and a high-resolution map of land surface friction were used to estimate travel time from each DHS cluster to the nearest hospital with a shortest-path algorithm. We quantified and compared the predicted probabilities of hospital-based childbirth resulting from one standard deviation (SD) change around the mean for different model predictors. Results: The mean travel time to the nearest hospital, in minutes, was 27 (Kenya), 31 (Malawi), 25 (Nigeria) and 62 (Tanzania). In Kenya, a change of 1SD in wealth led to a 33.2 percentage points change in the probability of hospital birth, whereas a 1SD change in travel time led to a change of 16.6 percentage points. The marginal effect of 1SD change in wealth was weaker than that of travel time in Malawi (13.1 vs. 34.0 percentage points) and Tanzania (20.4 vs. 33.7 percentage points). In Nigeria, the two were similar (22.3 vs. 24.8 percentage points) but their additive effect was twice stronger (44.6 percentage points) than the separate effects. Random effects from survey clusters also explained substantial variability in hospital-based childbirth in all countries, indicating other unobserved local factors at play. Conclusions: Both poverty and long travel time are important determinants of hospital birth, although they vary in the extent to which they influence whether women give birth in a hospital within and across countries. This suggests that different strategies are needed to effectively enable poor women and women living in remote areas to gain access to skilled and adequate care for childbirth.

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Section: Study Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too poor or too far? Partitioning the variability of hospital-based childbirth by poverty and travel time in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania

Wong

Brady

Campbell

et al. 2020

Int J Equity Health

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“…Full identification is easiest for the group of victims who were executed because of the extensive administrative documentation surrounding these cases (Hildebrandt and Redies, ). Their fate can be traced through various archival sources that include, besides contemporary body registers, court documents, municipal records, and federal and university archives (Viebig, ). Thus a list with the names of all executed persons whose bodies were used at the anatomical institute in Bonn has been published by Forsbach (Forsbach, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These researchers were able to trace individual prisoners from the execution chamber to the anatomical departments to which they were delivered. Michael Viebig of the memorial “ Roter Ochse ” in Halle has provided such data to the studies of the anatomical institutes in Halle and Jena (Viebig, ; Schultka and Viebig, ) and Wilfried Knauer at the memorial of Wolfenbüttel prison supplied information for the investigation in Göttingen (Ude‐Koeller et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of identification of victims of the National Socialist regime whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes

Hildebrandt

2013

Clinical Anatomy

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Research on the history of anatomy in the Third Reich has often focused on anatomists who collaborated with the National Socialist (NS) regime. Only recently has attention shifted to investigations of the victims, of which there are two groups: anatomists whose careers were disrupted by NS policies, and victims of the NS regime whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes. No systematic approach has yet been undertaken toward the identification of all the different groups of victims and the individuals' fates. This overview of currently available data on NS victims whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes reveals that an estimated total number of all bodies delivered to departments of anatomy lies at more than 40,000, and the so far documented number of executed persons among them at a minimum of 3,749. The traditional sources of body procurement and their significant changes in character during the NS period can be traced. Postwar attempts on finding the fate and identity of bodies of NS victims in anatomy can be divided into three phases. Most investigations focused on the removal of remaining "material" from NS victims from the anatomical collections, while identification and remembrance of individual victims was not a priority. So far, about 500 NS victims' names and biographies have been at least partially identified. Existing memorials rarely name individuals. New approaches to the identification of victims and the potential of a databank for these victims' biographies as an appropriate manner of remembrance are examined in this study.

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“…In general, persons who were executed following legal verdicts of capital punishment in a civilian or military trial hold the highest likelihood of historic documentation (Hildebrandt and Redies, 2012). Their fate can be traced through various archival sources that include contemporary body registers, court documents, municipal records, federal archives, and university archives (Viebig, 2012). In the Berlin case, Hermann Stieve presented a numbered list with the names of women whose bodies he had used for research purposes to the authorities after the war.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The example of Lang's identification of all 86 persons who fell victim to the anatomist August Hirt's infamous research plans has proven that names and biographies can be traced successfully even more than 60 years after the events (Lang, 2004). There are still families who are looking for the final resting place of their relatives and are glad about any new information (Viebig, 2012). The identification of victims is necessary to restore their individuality, to aid the realization of their humanity, to honor their memory, and to acknowledge the iniquities committed against them (Weindling, 2010;Oehler-Klein et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The women on stieve's list: Victims of national socialism whose bodies were used for anatomical research

Hildebrandt

2012

Clinical Anatomy

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Research on the history of anatomy in the Third Reich has often concentrated on the influence of the National Socialist (NS) regime on anatomists and their consequent unethical activities. Only recently, the focus has shifted to NS victims whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes. As a first approach to learning more about the victims, this study investigated the persons whose names Hermann Stieve, chairman of the Anatomical Department at the University of Berlin, had listed after using their bodies for his research. The study draws a group portrait and recounts selected biographies of the 174 women and eight men on the list. Most women were of reproductive age, two-thirds were German and a majority was executed for political reasons. Among the executed were at least two pregnant women. The corrected names, biographical data, and nationalities of all persons on the list are published here. None of them volunteered to be dissected, nor were the anatomists at the time interested in the victims' personal background. Future work will have to focus on the investigation of further biographies so that numbers can be turned back into people. This history is a reminder to modern anatomy that ethical body procurement and the anatomists' caring about the body donor is of the utmost importance in a discipline that introduces students to professional ethics in the medical teaching curriculum. Clin. Anat. 26:3-21, 2013. V V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“… the cadaver can be placed at your disposition here.” – Legal, administrative basis of the transfer of cadavers in the Third Reich, its traces in archival sources

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Too poor or too far? Partitioning the variability of hospital-based childbirth by poverty and travel time in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania

Too poor or too far? Partitioning the variability of hospital-based childbirth by poverty and travel time in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania

Current status of identification of victims of the National Socialist regime whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes

The women on stieve's list: Victims of national socialism whose bodies were used for anatomical research

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