The calcium-binding protein calretinin is a marker of the companion cell layer of the human hair follicle

Poblet, Enrique; Jiménez, Francisco Javier; Cabo, Carlos de; Prieto-Martín, Ana I.; Sánchez‐Prieto, Ricardo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06603.x

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…They could originate from the companion layer, hair follicle matrix, or both [8]. Cells expressing calretinin, a specific marker for companion layer [11], were also detected in primary cultures but only after incubation in high calcium medium before fixation for 24 hours. According to experiments by Winsky and Kuźnicky, detection of calcium-binding proteins may be influenced by their calcium binding status [30].…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involucrin, but not filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, expression is downregulated in 3-D cultures of intact rat hair bulbs after calcium stimulation

Niderla-Bielińska¹,

Moskalewski²

2011

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: The hair follicle consists of several distinctive epidermal cell layers. The hair root, which undergoes keratinization, is surrounded by two sheaths: the inner root sheath (IRS) and the outer root sheath (ORS). The ORS is continuous with the basal layer of the epidermis. Its cells do not keratinize in situ, unlike IRS. We have previously demonstrated that keratinization of the ORS was prevented by contact with the IRS in hair follicle mid-segments (i.e. fragments dissected from skin at the level above the hair bulb and below the opening of the sebaceous gland duct) cultured on agarose layer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same applies to the hair bulb. After isolation, intact bulbs or hair bulb-derived cells were incubated in suspension in a low or high calcium medium. The level of mRNA for differentiation markers: involucrin, filaggrin, keratinocyte differentiation associated protein and trichohyalin, was studied by RealTime PCR. We observed increased Ca 2+ upregulated expression of involucrin, filaggrin, trichohyalin and Kdap in cultures of bulb-derived cells, but in hair bulbs downregulation of involucrin and trichohyalin was observed. We concluded that the inner root sheath exerts an inhibitory effect on the expression of involucrin and trichohyalin already in the hair bulbs. The observation that downregulation of involucrin expression under Ca 2+ influence occurs both in hair bulb and midsegments could simplify future experiments, since their separation does not seem to be necessary. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011, Vol. 49, No. 2, 335-343)

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Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be observed already in the upper hair bulb region [7,8]. The companion layer is characterized by the presence of type II cytokeratin K6hf [9,10] and calretinin [11]. It is attached to the IRS by des-mogleins 1 and 3 [12] and may be engaged in the differentiation of Henle's cells [2].…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Introducmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involucrin, but not filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, expression is downregulated in 3-D cultures of intact rat hair bulbs after calcium stimulation

Niderla-Bielińska¹,

Moskalewski²

2011

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…31 It has been reported to label the innermost layer or the companion cell layer of the outer root sheath of hair follicle. 32 In the only series investigating the diagnostic utility of calretinin in cutaneous tumors, Sariya et al 10 found calretinin expression in 64% (16/25) of primary adnexal carcinoma and 28% (9/ 32) of cutaneous metastases. In contrast, we observed calretinin positivity in only 14 and 10% of primary adnexal carcinoma and cutaneous metastases, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing primary skin adnexal carcinomas from metastatic adenocarcinoma to skin: an immunohistochemical reappraisal using cytokeratin 15, nestin, p63, D2-40, and calretinin

et al. 2010

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Often the distinction of primary adnexal carcinoma from metastatic adenocarcinoma to skin from breast, lung, and other sites can be a diagnostic dilemma. Current markers purportedly of utility as diagnostic adjuncts include p63 and D2-40; however, their expression has been demonstrated in 11-22% and 5% of metastatic cutaneous metastases, respectively. Both cytokeratin (CK) 15 and nestin have been reported as follicular stem cell markers. We performed CK15 and nestin, as well as previously reported stains (such as p63, D2-40, and calretinin) on 113 cases (59 primary adnexal carcinomas and 54 cutaneous metastases). Expressions of p63, CK15, nestin, D2-40, and calretinin were observed in 91, 40, 37, 44, and 14% of primary adnexal carcinoma, respectively, and in 8, 2, 8, 4, and 10% of cutaneous metastases, respectively. p63 appeared to be the most sensitive marker (with a sensitivity of 91%) in detecting primary adnexal carcinomas. CK15 appeared to be the most specific marker with a specificity of 98%. Using v 2 analysis, statistically significant P-values (o0.05) were observed for p63, CK15, nestin, and D2-40 in the distinction of primary adnexal carcinoma versus cutaneous metastases. In logistic regression and stepwise selection for predicting a primary adnexal carcinoma, statistical significance was observed for p63, CK15, and D2-40 (P-values: o0.001, 0.0275, and 0.0298, respectively) but not for nestin (P-value ¼ 0.4573). Our study indicates that diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are significantly improved using a selected panel of immunohistochemical markers, including p63, CK15, and D2-40. Positive staining with all three markers argues in favor of a primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasm.

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“…The mode of production of the Cp and IRS explains three features of HF morphogenesis: the coordination of the number of cells of these layers as a consequence of the similar characteristics of their progenitors; the coupling of their proximal to distal movement (Poblet et al, 2005;Rogers, 1964;Rothnagel and Roop, 1995); and their progressive maturation after leaving the bulb (Langbein et al, 2006). These features certainly also optimise the establishment and maintenance of desmosomal junctions between the Cp and Henle cells (Gu and Coulombe, 2007;Ito, 1986;Orwin, 1971;Rogers, 1964).…”

Section: The Companion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining the structure of the hair follicle by 3D clonal analysis

Sequeira

Nicolas

2012

Development

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SUMMARYThe hair follicle (HF) is a multi-tissue mini-organ that self-renews periodically. However, the cellular organisation of this much-studied model is not fully understood. The structures of the outer layer and of the bulb, which ensures HF growth, have not been completely established. To clarify these points, we have conducted in vivo clonal analyses with 3D imaging in mice. The upper two-thirds of the HF outer layer consists of two clonally unrelated groups of cells that exhibit different modes of growth. They correspond to the basal outer root sheath (ORS) and the companion layer (Cp). The basal ORS has an unusual anisotropic mode of growth from a suprabulbar zone, which we named the privileged proliferation zone. The Cp has a stem/transient-amplifying mode of growth and is shown to be an HF internal structure. Furthermore, we describe an additional element, the bulb outer layer, which is contiguous and shares markers (e.g. Lgr5) with the basal ORS but is formed by a separate lineage that belongs neither to the ORS nor Cp lineage. It represents a novel element with proximal cells that are contiguous with the germinative layer in the bulb. In reference to its shape and position we named it the lower proximal cup (LPC). These clonal hierarchies reveal a novel model of HF organisation and growth based on two major entities: the basal ORS and the LPC plus the seven internal layers.

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The calcium-binding protein calretinin is a marker of the companion cell layer of the human hair follicle

Abstract: These findings provide further evidence to support the notion that the companion layer is not only morphologically, but also immunohistochemically, different from the other cells of the ORS.

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Involucrin, but not filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, expression is downregulated in 3-D cultures of intact rat hair bulbs after calcium stimulation

Involucrin, but not filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, expression is downregulated in 3-D cultures of intact rat hair bulbs after calcium stimulation

The diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing primary skin adnexal carcinomas from metastatic adenocarcinoma to skin: an immunohistochemical reappraisal using cytokeratin 15, nestin, p63, D2-40, and calretinin

Redefining the structure of the hair follicle by 3D clonal analysis

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