The calcium cyanamide and polyethylene blocks the secondary transmission and infection of vegetable leaf diseases

Abstract

Continuous cropping obstacles, especially soil-borne diseases can cause serious harm to agricultural production and limit the sustainable development of modern agriculture. However, Corynespora blight is an important air-borne disease on cucumber leaves caused by Corynespora cassiicola. The pathogen also could survive in air-dried soil or plant residue for at least one month. However, it is not clear whether soil Corynespora blight residues can infect plants. We detected the dynamic change of C. cassiicola content in soil and air after returning the diseased and residual straw to the field in real time by PMA-qPCR detection method. In this study, we reveal for the first time a new mode of transmission in which leaf blade disease residues in soil can spread again into the air and infect plants. In polyethylene (PE) treatment, cucumber plants grew healthily without disease. However, the content of C. cassiicola in the soil still existed in the PE treatment at 103 spore·g−1. The disease index (DI) of cucumber was less than 3 in calcium cyanamide (CaCN2). After fumigation and film removal and the whole growth period was controlled at a safe level. In addition, the PMA-qPCR detection method of Corynespora blight of cucumber was established for the first time in this study. In summary, CaCN2 and PE treatments are effective ways to block the infection of cucumber leaves by Corynespora blight residues in soil. These treatments are considered to comprise a feasible and sustainable technique for vegetable leaf residues in greenhouses.

Enhancing soil health and strawberry disease resistance: the impact of calcium cyanamide treatment on soil microbiota and physicochemical properties

“…These may be weapons to help strawberries fight soil-borne diseases. Calcium cyanamide has been reported to reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases in vegetables and tomatoes ( Chen et al, 2022 ; Xie et al, 2022 ). In the M treatment, there is a higher number of cultivation-sensitive OTUs (csOTUs), primarily including members of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorophyta.…”

Soil-derived cellulose-degrading bacteria: screening, identification, the optimization of fermentation conditions, and their whole genome sequencing

“…This approach enhances the soil’s physical and chemical properties, increases organic matter content, and ultimately boosts crop yields ( Hui-juan and Xia-li, 2018 ). However, soils enriched with organic matter can exacerbate airborne vegetable diseases, indirectly diminishing the quality of agricultural products through toxic metabolites ( Xie et al, 2022 ). As the grain production increases yearly in China ( Wang et al, 2018 ), so does the straw production.…”

Response of Microbial Recovery Rate to Straw Return after Calcium Cyanamide Soil Disinfection

“…Returning straw to the field can also increase soil fertility, replace the application of some fertilizers, and avoid ecological imbalances and infection sources caused by indiscriminate littering of farmland [12,13]. Returning diseased straw to the field can lead to the aggravation of airborne vegetable diseases [14]. Xie et al [14] found that returning diseased cucumber straw (Corynespora cassiicola) directly to the field can infect the second healthy cucumber leaves again.…”

“…Returning diseased straw to the field can lead to the aggravation of airborne vegetable diseases [14]. Xie et al [14] found that returning diseased cucumber straw (Corynespora cassiicola) directly to the field can infect the second healthy cucumber leaves again. (Calcium cyanamide) CaCN 2 treatment can inhibit the spread of soil diseased straw pathogens to the air, effectively controlling the path of disease transmission.…”

“…There is relatively little research on the impact of CaCN 2 as an agricultural fertilizer on soil quality. At present, there are few studies on the effects of vegetable straw return combined with CaCN 2 treatment on soil quality and microbial quantity [14]. Do we assume that CaCN 2 has a decomposition and ripening effect on the straw itself while killing bacteria in the soil or straw?…”