“…We further narrowed down the center of diversity to central Chiapas. The main part of central Chiapas is consisted of the Chiapas Central Depression ( Pons et al, 2016 ), which is an ecoregion defined by its vegetative and geographic features. The Depression, which extends over five regions in central Chiapas, is composed of hot and semiarid lowlands dominated by deciduous shrubs.…”
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change.
“…We further narrowed down the center of diversity to central Chiapas. The main part of central Chiapas is consisted of the Chiapas Central Depression ( Pons et al, 2016 ), which is an ecoregion defined by its vegetative and geographic features. The Depression, which extends over five regions in central Chiapas, is composed of hot and semiarid lowlands dominated by deciduous shrubs.…”
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change.
“… Figure 1 Map of fossil localities (shaded topographic relief from Google Maps): ( 1 ) Chiapas Central Depression; ( 2 ) depositional model showing stratigraphic position of samples. Modified from Pons et al (2016a). …”
Section: Geologic Settingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Suchiapa Formation (upper part of Sierra Madre Formation in available geologic maps; discussion in Pons et al, 2016a), middle Campanian, of the Chiapas Central Depression, Mexico. The exact age of the type specimen from Arroyo Hondo, Camagüey, Cuba, has not been plainly established (Rojas and Iturralde-Vinent, 1996).…”
Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1) corresponding to three different lithostratigraphic units and to three of the rudist assemblages distinguished in Pons et al (2016a). Coincidence with Müllerried's localities is also indicated when appropriated; although never published by Müllerried, numbers and names of his fossil localities were registered in the collection, and subsequently used and indicated in a map by Alencáster (1971).…”
Section: Geologic Settingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More recent papers (Alencáster and Michaud, 1991;Alencáster and Pons, 1992; García-Barrera et al, 1998; Mitchell, 2013) added some complementary taxonomic data to the knowledge of this fauna. Pons et al (2016a) provided the inventory of rudist occurrences in the Upper Cretaceous of the Chiapas Central Depression, related their location to a lithostratigraphic framework and paleogeographic reconstruction, identified the successive rudist assemblages, and discussed their age based on the co-occurrence of other fossils. Nevertheless, current and detailed systematic description of all these rudist species is yet to be done.…”
Abstract.-Plagioptychids are a conspicuous, although minor, component in uppermost Cretaceous rudist-bearing outcrops of the Caribbean Province, where other rudist families are more abundant and diverse. In the Chiapas Central Depression, the plagioptychid rudist fauna includes the following taxa: Plagioptychus antillarum (Douvillé) and Mitrocaprina sp. from the middle Campanian Suchiapa Formation, Plagioptychus muellerriedi Alencáster from the early Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation, and Plagioptychus fragilis Chubb and Mitrocaprina tschoppi (Palmer) from the late Maastrichtian Angostura Formation. These five species are described in detail and some probable synonymies are discussed. Analysis of the literature on American plagioptychids reveals that the characters of too many taxa are still insufficiently known to attempt any thorough phylogenetic analysis. Other lines of evidence also seem to indicate that American Plagioptychidae diversity is probably higher than recognized today, which might result in a more significant difference to Plagioptychidae of the Mediterranean Tethys.
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