“…The approach is thought to resonate with millennial students (Poole et al, 2014) and, more recently, has been shown to increase student engagement (e.g., Dias, 2017). It has been used to teach concepts in data systems (Yang & Guo, 2020), learning curves (Robbins, 2019), entrepreneurship (Isabelle, 2020), transportation (Rossetti, 2018), customer experience quality (Paul & Ponnam, 2018), and externalities (Giraud-Carrier & Schmidt, 2015), among others. What are game elements?…”