The Capture of Tropical Cyclones by Cold Fronts off the West Coast of Australia

Foley, G. R.; Hanstrum, Barry N.

doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0577:tcotcb>2.0.co;2

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…During its ET process, Sandy produced torrential rainfalls that mainly fell into the south and west of Sandy's moving track, which is consistent with previous studies (Bergeron, 1954;Palmén, 1958;Carr and Bosart, 1978;Foley and Hanstrum, 1994). The extreme precipitation was reported in Bellevue, Maryland with a peak amount of 325.88 mm, and an average of 127-178 mm of rainfall in the east of Maryland and Virginia, the south of Delaware and New Jersey.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

An observational and modeling study of extratropical transition of Hurricane Sandy in 2012

2015

J. Ocean Univ. China

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Around 30 October 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall along the New Jersey shoreline after its completion of extratropical transition and transformation into an extratropical cyclone. The strong gale induced a catastrophic storm surge, and caused 72 death and damage of more than $50 billion. In this paper, the evolutionary process and spatial structure of the Hurricane Sandy during its extratropical transition were investigated by using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) version 3.3.1 modeling results and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Coupled Forecast System model version 2 reanalysis datasets (CFSv2). It is found that during the upper-level trough interaction on 29 October, Sandy gradually fused with a pre-existing mid-latitude low-pressure system, and finished the re-intensification. WRF modeling results showed that the second peak occurred mainly due to the enhanced vertical motion, reduced vertical wind shear as well as the supplement of potential vorticity resulting from trough interaction over the southeast of Great Lakes. The cold continental air from the back of trough was encircled within the warm core system cyclonically, forming the characteristic of warm seclusion.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

An observational and modeling study of extratropical transition of Hurricane Sandy in 2012

2015

J. Ocean Univ. China

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“…Another aspect of ET is its potential to cause highimpact weather (HIW) events such as heavy rain, strong winds, ocean swells, or wild fire conditions directly related to the transitioning TC (Sekioka 1959;Foley and Hanstrum 1994;Browning et al 1998;Harr and Elsberry 2000;Klein et al 2000;McTaggart-Cowan et al 2001;Atallah and Bosart 2003;Jones et al 2003). However, in remote regions away from the transitioning TC, the dispersion of downstream Rossby waves can trigger HIW as well Grams 2011;Archambault et al 2013;Keller and Grams 2014;Grams and Blumer 2015;Harr and Archambault 2016;Pantillon et al 2015).…”

Section: Background On Tc-extratropical Flow Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Role of Diabatic Outflow in Amplifying the Midlatitude Flow: A Representative Case Study of Weather Systems Surrounding Western North Pacific Extratropical Transition

Grams

Archambault

2016

Monthly Weather Review

102

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Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) undergoing extratropical transition (ET) may substantially modify the large-scale midlatitude flow pattern. This study highlights the role of diabatic outflow in midlatitude flow amplification within the context of a review of the physical and dynamical processes involved in ET. Composite fields of 12 western North Pacific ET cases are used as initial and boundary conditions for high-resolution numerical simulations of the North Pacific-North American sector with and without the TC present. It is demonstrated that a three-stage sequence of diabatic outflow associated with different weather systems is involved in triggering a highly amplified midlatitude flow pattern: 1) preconditioning by a predecessor rain event (PRE), 2) TC-extratropical flow interaction, and 3) downstream flow amplification by a downstream warm conveyor belt (WCB). An ensemble of perturbed simulations demonstrates the robustness of these stages. Beyond earlier studies investigating PREs, recurving TCs, and WCBs individually, here the fact that each impacts the midlatitude flow through a similar sequence of processes surrounding ET is highlighted. Latent heat release in rapidly ascending air leads to a net transport of low-PV air into the upper troposphere. Negative PV advection by the diabatically driven outflow initiates ridge building, accelerates and anchors a midlatitude jet streak, and overall amplifies the upper-level Rossby wave pattern. However, the three weather systems markedly differ in terms of the character of diabatic heating and associated outflow height, with the TC outflow reaching highest and the downstream WCB outflow producing the strongest negative PV anomaly.

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“…Prior studies of ET (DiMego and Bosart 1982;Sinclair 1993;Foley and Hanstrum 1994;Harr and Elsberry 2000;Harr et al 2000) have described reintensification of the transformed tropical cyclone in terms of a type-B development following Petterssen and Sme-bye (1971). In this context, low-level cyclone development occurs when an area of midlevel positive vorticity advection (PVA) becomes superposed over a low-level frontal region, allowing low-level thermal advection to contribute significantly to an increase in low-level vorticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Phasing between the Upper-Level Trough and Tropical Cyclones

Ritchie

Elsberry

2007

Monthly Weather Review

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Whether the tropical cyclone remnants will become a significant extratropical cyclone during the reintensification stage of extratropical transition is a complex problem because of the uncertainty in the tropical cyclone, the midlatitude circulation, the subtropical anticyclone, and the nonlinear interactions among these systems. In a previous study, the authors simulated the impact of the strength of the midlatitude circulation trough without changing its phasing with the tropical cyclone. In this study, the impact of phasing is simulated by fixing the initial position and amplitude of the midlatitude trough and varying the initial position of the tropical cyclone. The peak intensity of the extratropical cyclone following the extratropical transition is strongly dependent on the phasing, which leads to different degrees of interaction with the midlatitude baroclinic zone. Many aspects of the simulated circulation, temperature, and precipitation fields appear quite realistic for the reintensifying and dissipating cases. Threshold values of various parameters in quadrants near and far from the tropical cyclone are extracted that discriminate well between reintensifiers and dissipators. The selection and distribution of threshold parameters are consistent with the Petterssen type-B conceptual model for extratropical cyclone development. Thus, these simulations suggest that phasing between the tropical cyclone and the midlatitude trough is a critical factor in predicting the reintensification stage of extratropical transition.

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The Capture of Tropical Cyclones by Cold Fronts off the West Coast of Australia

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

An observational and modeling study of extratropical transition of Hurricane Sandy in 2012

An observational and modeling study of extratropical transition of Hurricane Sandy in 2012

The Key Role of Diabatic Outflow in Amplifying the Midlatitude Flow: A Representative Case Study of Weather Systems Surrounding Western North Pacific Extratropical Transition

Simulations of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Phasing between the Upper-Level Trough and Tropical Cyclones

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