The carbon-based structures synthesized through nuclear reactions in helium at 1.1 kbar pressure under irradiation with braking γ-rays of 10 MeV threshold energy

Abstract

A helium high-pressure chamber (HeHPC), made from beryllium bronze, filled with gaseous helium at an initial pressure of about 1.1 kbar was irradiated by braking γ-rays of 10 MeV threshold energy during 1.0 × 10 5 s at an electron beam current 22-24 μA. Before opening of the chamber, the residual pressure inside was equal to 430 bar. Synthesized foils of black colour and other multiple objects were found inside the HeHPC at the inner surfaces of the reaction chamber made of high-purity copper, at the entrance window for γ-rays of beryllium bronze, and at the copper collector of nuclear and chemical reaction products. The element analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microprobe roentgen analysis (MPRA) allowed us to establish that the foils were predominantly made of carbon and smaller quantities of other elements from carbon to iron. The developed approach agrees well with a series of studies carried out by the authors where dense hydrogen and deuterium gases are acted on by γ-rays in the presence or absence of metals in the reaction chamber.

Synthesis of New Structures and Substances in Dense Gases Н2, D2 and He under Irradiation by Braking 10 MeV γ-rays in Cu0.98Be0.02 Pressure Chamber

“…In this paper we are going to describe only the most intriguing and unusual objects described in more detail in Refs. [13,17] and add some new data obtained recently.…”

“…3(a, b), XRMPA was done. Table 1 provides the element compositions measured in regions 17 ( Note that both parts of the dark particle contain only light elements, such as 6 C, 7 N↑, 8 O, 9 F↑, 10 Ne↑, 11 Na, 12 Mg, 13 Al, 14 Si, 15 P, 16 S, 17 Cl, 18 Ar↑, 19 K, 20 Ca, and a heavier metal 29 Cu. Here is a series of elements with a nucleus charge change by ΔZ = 1 from Z = 6 (carbon) to Z = 20 (calcium), where the volatile elements 7 N↑, 9 F↑, 10 Ne↑, 18 Ar↑, which could not have formed any chemical compounds, were not detected.…”

“…Analogous investigations aimed at studying the possibilities of nuclear reactions were carried out using hydrogen high pressure chambers (HHPC) in presence of palladium [12,13] and tin rods, as well as with hydrogen only without any metallic samples inside [14], under irradiation with 10 MeV braking γ-rays. The phenomenological-model approaches for the description of the obtained experimental data on the basis of nuclear fission…”

“…Apart from that, a helium high-pressure chamber (HeHPC) filled with gaseous helium under initial pressure about 1.1 bar was irradiated by braking γ-rays with a threshold energy of 10 MeV during 1.0 × 10 5 s at the electron beam current 22-24 µA [13,17].…”

Synthesis of Chemical Elements and Solid Structures in Atomic- Nuclear Reactions in Dense Gas-Metal Systems Irradiated by γ Rays

“…Some various objects such as re-crystallized and melted pieces of brass, as flat thin plates with various forms and small pieces of Pd particles were observed at the bottom of crater (point 4, Figure 5. A view photo of the brass screw with the synthesized novel object (SNO, informal name Annavit [12]) (a) and "volcano" image with the SNO made by scanning electron microscopy (b) [4]. Figure 5b).…”