The Carbonate Analogs Through Time (CATT) Hypothesis and the Global Atlas of Carbonate Fields—A Systematic and Predictive Look at Phanerozoic Carbonate Systems

Markello, James R.; Koepnick, Richard B.; Waite, Lowell; Collins, J. F.

doi:10.2110/pec.08.89.0015

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Crinoids are preserved as calcite ossicles that retain their overall shape, but they have lost their stereom structure and original mineralogy; Carboniferous stereom when preserved is composed of Mg calcite, with 11 mole% MgCO 3 (Dickson 2004). The predictions of Sandberg (1983), Stanley and Hardie (1998), and Markello et al (2007) FIG. 15.-Secondary electron images of rock slivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diagenetic Evolution of Selected Parasequences Across A Carbonate Platform: Late Paleozoic, Tengiz Reservoir, Kazakhstan

Dickson¹,

Kenter²

2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Predicting the diagenetic modification of reservoir quality in carbonate fields is poorly understood but of paramount importance to reservoir characterization. The diagenetic processes and current pore system are reported for two parasequences from the platform center to the margin of the Tengiz reservoir (, 16 km); the late Visean (Lvis13 cbs 900) and Bashkirian (Bash2.5 MSF 350) parasequences are separated by 8 million years.Syndepositional fibrous cement (. 10% rock volume) and aragonite skeletal molds developed in both parasequences. On subaerial exposure, brown soil-related calcite, and meniscus and pendant cements were emplaced in both parasequences.The application of CL petrography to these rocks for the first time has revealed the depositional components and early marine components are altered developing a mottled pattern implying that their original chemistry is not preserved. The principal calcite cement shows a complex growth pattern by CL that is unreported from any other calcite cement. CL is also used to divide the main cement into stage 1, nonluminescent, and stage 2, orange to brown luminescent, calcite. Stage 1 calcite shows vadose meniscus and pendant fabrics followed by uniform phreatic euhedral terminations. Stage 1 cement is patchily distributed at a millimeter scale; 28% to 40% in the Visean and 0.5% to 22% in Bashkirian grainstones. Stage 1 cement is more abundant at the center of the platform in the late Visean than at its margin. Abundant stage 1 calcite creates a framework that prevents later compaction preserving a high porosity at the center of the platform. This sweet spot is reinforced by the deposition of late-stage bitumen cement that occupies 8% rock volume at the margin of the platform but is almost absent at its center. Stage 1 d 13 C values (22.4% to +1.7%) are derived by dissolution of host rock, and their d 18 O values (26.3% to 23.7%) are compatible with precipitation from meteoric or mixed marine-meteoric water.Depositional micrite and micritic grains are transformed by dissolution-precipitation processes into porous microrhombic calcite not by Ostwald ripening. Microrhombic calcite is ubiquitous in the Tengiz icehouse, dispelling the myth that this fabric is restricted to greenhouse epochs.At , 300 million years before significant burial the study grainstones were patchily cemented and dissolved to reach peak porosity; their transformed texture set up flow paths that controlled the distribution of later diagenetic products. Reservoir compartmentalization did not occur through extensive hardground formation at this time as occurs in some greenhouse sequences, but ash bands at parasequence boundaries were turned into tonsteins and wackestones were compacted perhaps sufficiently to influence vertical flow.CL examination of stage 2 calcite that adds 0.5% to 16% to rock volume reveals that its precipitation was episodic and switched sites as the pore network became blocked through precipitation and compaction and was opened by new fractures. A change from acute to equant habit ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diagenetic Evolution of Selected Parasequences Across A Carbonate Platform: Late Paleozoic, Tengiz Reservoir, Kazakhstan

Dickson¹,

Kenter²

2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…But much of this work remains untapped by industry because it has yet to be integrated into a form that provides readily available, generic insights for subsurface scenarios. While carbonate sedimentology and stratigraphy have been developed in local, regional and global contexts (Insalaco et al 2000;Markello et al 2008;Garland et al 2012), greater integration of this information into a post-depositional framework offers further uplift. We believe that there remain significant opportunities to develop similar frameworks for diagenesis and deformation.…”

Section: Background and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates: current workflows to emerging technologies

Agar

Geiger

2014

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The introduction reviews topics relevant to the fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonate reservoirs and to the prediction of reservoir performance. The review provides research and industry contexts for papers in this volume only. A discussion of global context and frameworks emphasizes the value yet to be captured from compare and contrast studies. Multidisciplinary efforts highlight the importance of greater integration of sedimentology, diagenesis and structural geology. Developments in analytical and experimental methods, stimulated by advances in the materials sciences, support new insights into fundamental (pore-scale) processes in carbonate rocks. Subsurface imaging methods relevant to the delineation of heterogeneities in carbonates highlight techniques that serve to decrease the gap between seismically resolvable features and well-scale measurements. Methods to fuse geological information across scales are advancing through multiscale integration and proxies. A surge in computational power over the last two decades has been accompanied by developments in computational methods and algorithms. Developments related to visualization and data interaction support stronger geoscience-engineering collaborations. High-resolution and real-time monitoring of the subsurface are driving novel sensing capabilities and growing interest in data mining and analytics. Together, these offer an exciting opportunity to learn more about the fundamental fluid-flow processes in carbonate reservoirs at the interwell scale.

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“…Consequently, carbonate sequences show age specific stratigraphic characteristics (e.g. Kiessling et al 2002;Markello et al 2008), which suggest that any reference model classification of carbonate sequences should have a chronological aspect.…”

Section: Stratigraphic Reference Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These responses can be both short term, for example when organisms react to locally induced palaeoecological changes in a particular depositional setting, or long term, as carbonate producing organisms evolve in response to physical changes in the Earth's biosphere (e.g. James 1983;Schlager 1991;James & Bourque 1992;Ager 1993;Kiessling et al 1999Kiessling et al , 2002Simmons et al 2007;Markello et al 2008;Pomar & Hallock 2008;Pomar & Kendall 2008). A challenge for Earth scientists is to assess how the interaction of global processes (sea level, climate, plate tectonics, global carbon budget) along with biological evolution, determined the nature of both local and regional carbonate factories; and whether this interaction created an infinite variety of carbonate depositional systems, or a more limited and predictable number of sedimentation patterns distributed in a systematic manner in time and space.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate systems of the Mediterranean and the Middle East: stratigraphic and diagenetic reference models – an introduction

Buchem

Gerdes

Esteban

2010

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The Carbonate Analogs Through Time (CATT) Hypothesis and the Global Atlas of Carbonate Fields—A Systematic and Predictive Look at Phanerozoic Carbonate Systems

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Diagenetic Evolution of Selected Parasequences Across A Carbonate Platform: Late Paleozoic, Tengiz Reservoir, Kazakhstan

Diagenetic Evolution of Selected Parasequences Across A Carbonate Platform: Late Paleozoic, Tengiz Reservoir, Kazakhstan

Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates: current workflows to emerging technologies

Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate systems of the Mediterranean and the Middle East: stratigraphic and diagenetic reference models – an introduction

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