The carbonate system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in coastal and open-ocean waters of the Macaronesia

Hernandez, David C.; González‐Dávila, Melchor; Santana‐Casiano, J. Magdalena

doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1094250

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…En 1960, se llevaron a cabo las primeras observaciones relacionadas con los GEI en el Observatorio de Izaña [2,3]. El Dr. Reidar Nydal estableció una red mundial de estaciones para monitorizar la concentración atmosférica del isotopo 14 C emitido durante las pruebas nucleares realizadas hasta comienzos de la década de 1960 en varias zonas del planeta. La distribución temporal de este isótopo fue una importante herramienta para testear modelos que describen el flujo de carbono intercambiado en el sistema Tierra-atmósfera.…”

Section: Asamblea General Icos-eric En Madridunclassified

“…La Estación de Series Temporales en el Océano de las Islas Canarias (ESTOC), gestionada por la PLOCAN, es una boya instrumentalizada que se localiza a 60 millas náuticas al Norte de Gran Canaria. Desde su inauguración, en 1994, genera y registra series temporales meteorológicas y oceanográficas representativas del Centro-Este del Atlántico Norte [12][13][14]. Sus medidas han contribuido en el estudio del cambio climático y su impacto en las tendencias físico-químicas del océano Atlántico [15].…”

Section: Estoc-plocan Ieo-csic Y Ulpgcunclassified

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ICOS-Spain. Activity Report 2021-2022

2023

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The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a European Research Infrastructure (ERIC) that aims to monitor greenhouse gases. This initiative is funded by the European Union and partner countries. The ICOS General Assembly approved Spain's membership, and its incorporation officially began on January 1, 2021. Currently, the ICOS-Spain national network, coordinated by AEMET, has five stations covering atmospheric, oceanic, and ecosystem domains. The "ICOS-Spain Activities Report: 2021-2022" presents the main tasks carried out at each station, with the aim of obtaining ICOS certification and the current situation of this process. In addition, the report also summarizes the communication and dissemination activities carried out by the researchers who are part of the national node.

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Section: Asamblea General Icos-eric En Madridunclassified

Section: Estoc-plocan Ieo-csic Y Ulpgcunclassified

ICOS-Spain. Activity Report 2021-2022

2023

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Impact of sampling depth on CO$$_{2}$$ flux estimates

Azevedo,

González-Dávila,

Santana-Casiano

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The exchange of trace gases between the atmosphere and the ocean plays a key role in the Earth’s climate. Fluxes at the air-sea interface are affected mainly by wind blowing over the ocean and seawater temperature and salinity changes. This study aimed to quantify the use of CO$$_{2}$$ 2 partial pressure (pCO$$_{2}$$ 2 ) measurements at different depths (1, 5, and 10 m) in ocean surface layers to determine CO$$_{2}$$ 2 fluxes (FCO$$_{2}$$ 2 ) and to investigate the impacts of wind-sheltered and wind-exposed regions on the carbon budget. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and pCO$$_{2}$$ 2 were considered during a daily cycle. pCO$$_{2}$$ 2 profiles exhibited relatively high values during sunny hours, associated with relatively high sea temperatures. However, the largest FCO$$_{2}$$ 2 corresponded with higher wind speeds. Estimated fluxes between measurements at 1 and 10 m depths decreased by 71% in the sheltered region and 44% in the exposed region. According to the SOCAT dataset, at a depth of 5 m, the Atlantic basin emits approximately 0.29 Tg month$$^{-1}$$ - 1 of CO$$_{2}$$ 2 to the atmosphere; nevertheless, our estimates suggest that FCO$$_{2}$$ 2 at the surface is 12.02 Tg month$$^{-1}$$ - 1 , which is 97.6% greater than that at 5 m depth. Therefore, future studies should consider sampling depth to adequately estimate the FCO$$_{2}$$ 2 .

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Biogeochemistry of greenhouse gases in coastal upwelling systems: Processes and sensitivity to global change

Lachkar,

Cornejo-D'Ottone,

Singh

et al. 2024

Elem Sci Anth

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Major coastal upwelling systems are among the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. They contribute disproportionately to the cycling of carbon and nutrients in the ocean and influence marine biogeochemistry beyond their productive regions. Characterized by intense microbial respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic), major coastal upwelling systems are also hotspots for the production and outgassing of potent greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2, N2O, and CH4. Quantifying and understanding these roles in the context of a changing climate is therefore a subject of great interest. Here we provide a short synthesis of the current knowledge of the contributions of major coastal upwelling systems to the cycling of GHG. Despite variations within and among different systems, low-latitude coastal upwelling systems typically act as a net carbon source to the atmosphere, while those at higher latitudes function as weak sinks or remain neutral regarding atmospheric CO2. These systems also significantly contribute to oceanic N2O and CH4 emissions, although the extent of their contribution to the latter remains poorly constrained. We also overview recent and future changes to upwelling systems in the context of a warmer climate and discuss uncertainties and implications for GHG production. Although rapid coastal warming is anticipated in all major coastal upwelling systems, the future changes in upwelling-favorable winds and their implications within the context of increased stratification are uncertain. Finally, we examine the major challenges that impede our ability to accurately predict how major coastal upwelling systems will respond to future climate change, and present recommendations for future research to better capture ongoing changes and disentangle natural and forced variability.

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The carbonate system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in coastal and open-ocean waters of the Macaronesia

Cited by 4 publications

References 108 publications

ICOS-Spain. Activity Report 2021-2022

ICOS-Spain. Activity Report 2021-2022

Impact of sampling depth on CO$$_{2}$$ flux estimates

Biogeochemistry of greenhouse gases in coastal upwelling systems: Processes and sensitivity to global change

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