The Carcinogenicity of Aflatoxin B1

Abstract

Aflatoxins are a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins, products of Aspergillus fungi, which are known contaminants in a large portion of the world's food supply. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent toxin, which has been strongly linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially given coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). AFB1 is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) into aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide to form DNA adducts, which leads to carcinogenesis by disrupting DNA repair. AFB1-induced DNA damage is also caused by the production of excessive ROS, leading to the oxidation of DNA bases. The majority of AFB1related to HCC carry G-toT transversion of p53 gene. When the p53 gene is mutated, it shows a "gain of oncogenic function." In addition, epigenetic alterations may potentially be beneficial for the treatment of HCC, because the epigenetic changes are reversible. This chapter will provide important information on the carcinogenicity of AFB1, including DNA damage checkpoint response and epigenetic alteration.

Evaluation of UV-A LED technology on the reduction of spiked aflatoxin B1and aflatoxin M1in whole milk: toxicity analysis using liver hepatocellular cells

“…The double bond in a furan terminal ring is known to be the most toxicological site of AFB 1 with a lactone ring in the coumarin (Stanley et al, 2020). The biotransformation of AFB 1 due to protein binding or formation of respective DNA adduct activates the leading active site for its toxic and carcinogenic function (Li & Liu, 2019). The double bond epoxidation results in the production of reactive oxygen species metabolite (AFB 1 -8,9-epoxides) (Benkerroum, 2020).…”

Research Progress Related to Aflatoxin Contamination and Prevention and Control of Soils

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/toxins15080475/s1, Table S1: types of post-harvest aflatoxin detoxification. References [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] are cited in Supplementary Materials.…”

Congenital aflatoxicosis, mal-detoxification genomics & ontogeny trigger immune-mediated Kotb disease biliary atresia variant: SANRA compliant review

“…Aflatoxin B1 is notorious for inducing p53 mutations that herald carcinogenicity. 84 In BA, p53 was studied by immunohistochemical staining in portoenterostomy cores of liver tissue. All 32 studied biopsies demonstrated defective staining of p53 and glutathione S-transferase Pi.…”