The Cardiac and Vascular Effects of Sodium Glutamate

Abstract

1. The cardiovascular effects of sodium glutamate were investigated in anaesthetized dogs with bolus injections, intravenous infusions and rabbit isolated papillary muscles. 2. The intravenous bolus injections of sodium glutamate resulted in slight, transient decreases in contractile force at doses of 58 and 117 mg/kg, which were followed by brief increases in blood pressure. 3. Sodium glutamate had no effect on contractile responses of isolated papillary muscles at any of the concentrations used. 4. Infusions of glutamate produced no change in blood pressure, an increase in cardiac output, and a decrease in heart rate, total peripheral resistance and femoral vascular resistance. 5. The infusion of sodium glutamate into animals with no renal function resulted in an increased plasma osmolality and a decreased haematocrit. 6. The results from this study show that sodium glutamate had minimal cardiovascular effects. The results from the infusion data suggest that glutamate increases intravascular volume by an osmotic effect.

Serum Levels of Acetate and TCA Cycle Intermediates during Hemodialysis in Relation to Symptoms

“…When acetate is transferred in excess of the utilizing capacity of the patients, it accumulates in the body and causes uncomfort able symptoms. Acetate as well as its metabolites, the TCA cycle intermediates, are known to cause dilation of periph eral vascular vessels and cardiac depression [13][14][15][16][17]. Since cardiac output increases to compensate for the decrease of peripheral vascular resistance, the resulting hypotension is prevented.…”

Hemodialysis-Associated Asthma in a Renal Failure Patient

“…Since eosinophilia has been found in high incidence in the patients on regular hemodialysis, acetate may modify the allergic state in some patients with eosinophilia, or directly act to cause a bronchospasm. Though some cardiovascular action of this ion has been reported [2,3,10], its action on the pulmonary function is still to be determined. This is the first case among about 500 patients on regular hemo dialysis at our clinic and satellites.…”

“…Cardiovascular or neurological complications may take place in various types of hemodialysis [1][2][3][4]. Recently, A!jama et al [5] reported a case of hemodialysis-triggered asthma.…”

Cardiovascular Function and Alveolar Gas Exchange during Isovolemic Hemodialysis with Acetate in Healthy Man

“…Both when acetate is infused and when administered dur ing IHD, the animals present falling blood pressure [37][38][39][40], The effect of acetate on myocardial contractile force has also been studied on different animal models showing both decreasing and increasing effects [41][42], Animal studies are difficult to interpret and convert to hemodialysis of humans, be cause divergent findings may be the result of species differences, experimental procedures including anesthesia and animal models not relevant for clinical situations. Healthy sub jects in this study presented far better blood pressure control than nonuremic dogs [39],…”