The Cardio-Pneumo-Psychogram and its Use in the Study of the Emotions, with Practical Application.

Effects of heightened motivation on the detection of deception.

“…In a study by Chappell (1929), it was found that simply having the subject lie without any possibility of detection or punishment did not produce any marked responses. Further, Larson (1922) had noted that after a confession, the critical items no longer produced responses. Here again the stimulus no longer produces a response after the consequences of deception have been eliminated.…”

Differences in the physiological reactions to sensory and ideational stimuli.

“…Likewise when using a continuous graphic record Landis and Wiley (41) failed to obtain significant differences. Larson (42,43) used a continuous polygraphic method of recording, but worked with persons suspected of actual guilt in the police courts and penitentiaries, and the cases in which the accused were later cleared or judgments verified showed his use of blood pressure and respiration to be of diagnostic value. The fact that his interpretations were not based solely upon blood pressure but upon other indications of disturbance such as the frequency, regularity, and degree of dicrotism of the pulse curves and upon disturbances in the respiratory records leaves unanswered the question as to the significance of the single factor of blood pressure.…”

Using pupil size and heart rate to infer affective states during behavioral neurophysiology and neuropsychology experiments

“…Relative to skeletal and oculomotor outputs, which are readily observable, autonomic outputs are largely covert and often occur in the absence of conscious awareness. Because autonomic measures provide information on the internal state of an organism, and can be quantified, they remain valuable tools nearly a century after their initial validation in humans (1). The interpretation of autonomic outputs, however, remains controversial (2).…”