The Cardiovascular Effects of Halothane in Normal Children

McGregor, Maurice; Davenport, Harold T.; Jegier, W.; Sekelj, Paul; Gibbons, James E.; Demers, Philippe

doi:10.1093/bja/30.9.398

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The use of halothane anaesthesia and controlled respiration could have introduced circulatory and pulmonary changes in the infants and children. For example, halothane has been shown to depress cardiac output (McGregor et al, 1958;Severinghaus and Cullen, 1958;Deutsch, Linde and Price, 1962;Eger et al, 1970), and to alter tissue perfusion in brain (Wollman et al, 1964;Christensen, Hoedt-Rasmussen and Lassen, 1967), in skin and muscle (Eger et al, 1970) and in splanchnic and renal areas (Epstein et al, 1966;. Cardiac output was not measured because of the risk involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PULMONARY EQUILIBRATION OF CYCLOPROPANE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: Lack of Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in the Anaesthetized Surgical Infant

Rackow¹,

Salanitre²

1974

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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Pulmonary equilibration of a mixture containing 0.5% cyclopropane and 3% nitrous oxide was studied in four infants and four older children who were anaesthetized for surgery using 0.75% halothane, tubocurarine and a constant volume ventilator. Cyclopropane end-tidal concentration approached inspiratory concentration faster in the infants than in the older children. The difference in FE/FI ratios between the cyclopropane and nitrous oxide equilibration curves was smaller in the infants than in the older children. This was interpreted to mean relatively less absorption of cyclopropane into adipose tissue in the infant group. It suggested that brown adipose tissue was not functional in these infants, in spite of a cold stress of 1° to 2.2 °C. These results were compared with those of a previous study of pulmonary equilibration of the same gas mixture in awake, spontaneously breathing adults. Both the infants and the older children approached equilibrium with cyclopropane faster and had smaller differences in the FE/FI ratios between the cyclopropane and nitrous oxide curves. This suggested relatively less absorption of cyclopropane into all adipose tissue in the younger age groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PULMONARY EQUILIBRATION OF CYCLOPROPANE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: Lack of Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in the Anaesthetized Surgical Infant

Rackow¹,

Salanitre²

1974

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…Respiration was controlled in these experiments. McGregor et al (1958) found that nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane diminished cardiac output in children by some 15 to 23 per cent, and Deutsch and his colleagues (1962) demonstrated an overall average of 15 per cent reduction in the output of the heart and stroke volume during the first hour of anaesthesia.…”

Section: Cardiac Outputmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reflex laryngospasm is an uncommon but dangerous complication which is particularly liable to occur in infants and young children subjected to surgical stimulation during inadequate halothane anaesthesia, and for this reason ether is often a more suitable agent in these small patients. Depression of the cardiovascular system is less severe in children and only moderate reductions in cardiac output, rate and arterial pressure have been reported (McGregor et al, 1958;Black and Love, 1961). However, the use of halothane in neonatal surgery demands great caution if overdosage is to be avoided and a calibrated vaporizer should be used.…”

Section: Some Clinical Uses Of Halothanementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Pharmacology of Halothane

Black¹

1965

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…Bradycardia frequently occurs during halothane anaesthesia, and has been attributed to increased vagal activity (Pirtinger, Cullen and Watland, 1957;Wyant et al, 1958;McGregor et al, 1958;Mahaffey et al, 1961;Shinozaki, Mazuzan and Abajian, 1968). The bradycardia has been implicated in the reduced cardiac output noted during halothane anaesthesia (Jorfeldt and Lofstrom, 1964), and it has been suggested that increased vagal activity during halothane anaesthesia may cause a reduction of myocardial contractile force due to a direct action on ventricular muscle (Jorfeldt et al, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Halothane on the Interactions Between Myocardial Contractility, Aortic Impedance, and Left Ventricular Performance;iv: Haemodynamic Responses to Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Gersh

Prys‐Roberts

1972

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves have been studied in anaesthetized dogs, before and after bilateral interruption of the cardiac sympathetic nerves. During constant heart rates, maintained by right atrial pacing, vagus nerve stimulation caused small but significant reductions of myocardial contractility, but these were minor compared with the effects of other negative interventions such as halothane anaesthesia and coronary artery ligation. When atrial pacing was withdrawn during vagus nerve stimulation, the ensuing bradycardia was associated with further marked reduction of myocardial contractility and in cardiac output. Vagus nerve stimulation depressed left atrial systole and left ventricular filling, and this might be expected to have greater effect in the halothane depressed heart than in the undepressed heart of a conscious animal. Halothane decreased the spontaneous heart rate of sympathectomized and vagotomized dogs, probably by a direct effect on the sino-atrial pacemaker. It is unlikely that increased vagal activity during halothane anaesthesia could significantly depress myocardial contractility, but these many mechanisms may contribute to the overall impairment of left ventricular performance at slow heart rates.

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The Cardiovascular Effects of Halothane in Normal Children

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

THE PULMONARY EQUILIBRATION OF CYCLOPROPANE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: Lack of Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in the Anaesthetized Surgical Infant

THE PULMONARY EQUILIBRATION OF CYCLOPROPANE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: Lack of Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in the Anaesthetized Surgical Infant

A Review of the Pharmacology of Halothane

The Effects of Halothane on the Interactions Between Myocardial Contractility, Aortic Impedance, and Left Ventricular Performance;iv: Haemodynamic Responses to Vagus Nerve Stimulation

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