The Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Chrysin: A Narrative Review on Experimental Researches

Abstract

Chrysin is one of the flavonoids fruits, vegetables, and plant especially found in honey, it has been indicated that its cardiovascular protective effect is due to its antioxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. Chrysin exerts an antioxidant effect by enhancing the antioxidant system, suppressing pro-oxidant enzymes, scavenging free radicals and chelating redox active transition metal ions. Chrysin decreases lipid synthesis and also increases its metabolism, thereby ameliorating blood lipid profile. Chrysin modulates vascular function by increasing the bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide. Chrysin inhibits the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing vascular inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of chrysin may relate to its inhibitory effect on the nuclear transcriptional factor-kB signaling pathway. It also prevents vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and thrombogenesis. Altogether, chrysin may be effective as a natural agent for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, several clinical trial studies should be done to confirm its protective effects on humans.

Honey and Its Phenolic Compounds as an Effective Natural Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases in Humans?

“…Anghel et al [66] report that chrysin (50 mg/kg, daily) inhibits methotrexate (MTX)-triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis via various pathways, for example by decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and reducing caspase-3 expression. Farkhondeh et al [67] also found chrysin to have a number of cardioprotective effects. It acted as an antioxidant, decreased lipid synthesis, and increased lipid metabolism.…”

3’, 4’-Dihydroxyflavone enhances all-<i>trans</i> retinoic acid-induced superoxide-generating activity through up-regulating transcription of gp91-phox in human monoblastic U937 cells, as opposed to flavone and other hydroxyflavone derivatives

“…Here, we focused on flavones, and investigated their influences on the RA-induced O 2 --generating activity of U937 cells. Flavones are belonging to flavonoids which are subdivided into flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, isoflavones and anthocyanidins (Arora et al, 2019), and show also numerous pharmacological activities against various diseases (Nabavi et al, 2015;Theoharides et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Hostetler et al, 2017;Liang et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2017;Farkhondeh et al, 2019;Saraei et al, 2019;Moghadam et al, 2020). Regarding human neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells, Davalos et al (2009) reported that red grape juice polyphenols (mixture of various polyphenols) reduce the O 2 --generating activity via inhibition of gene expression of p22-phox, gp91-phox and p47-phox.…”

Navigating Calcium and Reactive Oxygen Species by Natural Flavones for the Treatment of Heart Failure

“…Other potential flavones such as rutin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside which is the glycosylated quercetin ( Chu et al, 2014 ; Lv et al, 2018 ), chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) ( Farkhondeh et al, 2019 ; Xingyue et al, 2021 ), wogonin (5,7-Dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) ( Khan et al, 2016 ; Khan and Kamal, 2019 ), also possess cardiovascular protective and HF-preventing efficacies via an ROS-calcium associated mechanism, rendering them as attractive drug candidates or dietary supplements.…”