The Cardiovascular System

Robinson, Wayne F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391607-5.50009-1

Cited by 76 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Furthermore, cystic medial necrosis has been observed in nondiseased horses. 41 Therefore, it is possible that cystic medial necrosis is not a primary feature of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Aortic Rupture and Aortopulmonary Fistulation in the Friesian Horse

et al. 2014

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Aortic rupture in horses is a rare condition. Although it is relatively common in the Friesian breed, only limited histopathologic information is available. Twenty Friesian horses (1-10 years old) were diagnosed with aortic rupture by postmortem examination. Ruptured aortic walls were analyzed with histology and immunohistochemistry. Based on the histologic and immunohistochemical findings, these cases were divided into 3 groups: acute (n = 4, 20%), subacute (n = 8, 40%), and chronic (n = 8, 40%). Features common to samples from horses in all groups included accumulation of mucoid material; disorganization and fragmentation of the elastic laminae; aortic medial smooth muscle hypertrophy; and medial necrosis of varying degrees, ranging from mild and patchy in the acute cases to severe midzonal necrosis in the chronic cases. Inflammation, most likely secondary to medial necrosis, varied from predominantly neutrophilic infiltrates in the media and periadventitial tissue in the acute group to the presence of mainly hemosiderophages in the periadventitial tissue in the chronic group. Medial fibrosis with aberrant collagen morphology was seen in the subacute group and, more commonly, in the chronic group. Only minimal changes were seen in the aortic vasa vasorum. Smooth muscle hypertrophy and accumulation of mucoid material were not related to the age of the lesions. The findings of this study suggest that a connective tissue disorder affecting elastin or collagen in the aortic media is potentially the underlying cause of aortic rupture in Friesian horses.

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“…Furthermore, cystic medial necrosis has been observed in nondiseased horses. 41 Therefore, it is possible that cystic medial necrosis is not a primary feature of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Aortic Rupture and Aortopulmonary Fistulation in the Friesian Horse

et al. 2014

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“…In domestic animals, cardiomyopathy which denotes a primary myocardial disorder has been documented in dogs, cats, and cattle (Robinson and Maxie 1993). Bovine dilated cardiomyopathy (BDC), which is an autosomal recessive inheritance-associated primary myocardial disease in cattle of Holstein-Friesian origin, has been observed during the last 30 years in livestock worldwide (Satoh 1988;Tontis et al 1990;Bradley et al 1991;Dolf et al 1998;Furuoka et al 2001; Leifsson and Angerholm 2004;Nart et al 2004a, b;Guziewicz et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intra-cardiac autonomic neuropathy in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows affected with bovine dilated cardiomyopathy

Ohfuji¹

2015

Comp Clin Pathol

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Three Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, aged 5 1/3 to 12 years, showed a history of heart failure and were euthanized on separate days. Commonly observed postmortem findings included edema in many sites of the body, dilatation and hypertrophy of the right cardiac ventricle, hepatic congestion, and swollen pale kidneys. Histopathologically, myocardial lesions were comprised of a variety of degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes and interstitial fibrosis, consistent with those described previously in cases of bovine dilated cardiomyopathy in Holstein-Friesian cattle. Additionally, in one of these three cows, unmyelinated nerve fibers of many intracardiac nerve bundles that probably were postganglionic fibers exhibited multifocal segmental degeneration of axons. Degenerated axons were closely associated with Schwann cell pathology, indicating an intimate involvement of axon-Schwann cell interaction. Such an intracardiac autonomic neuropathy might have had an adverse effect on the regulation of heart activity. It is not possible to determine if this intra-cardiac autonomic neuropathy was primary or secondary to the dilated cardiomyopathy.

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“…Disorders associated with hypercalcemia in dogs include malignant neoplasia, hypoadrenocorticism, primary or nutritional hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, hypervitaminosis D, and others. 2 Conversely, dystrophic calcification occurs in dead or degenerating tissue and generally is associated with normocalcemia. Calcium thus is deposited in old scars, granulomas, necrotic tissues, dead parasites, and some tumors.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…10,11,13 Vascular mineralizations in veterinary patients mostly are interpreted to be caused by metastatic calcification. 2 Usually, vitamin D intoxication is blamed, according to older veterinary reports. [14][15][16] Interestingly, conclusive documen- tation of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high serum vitamin D concentrations usually is missing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Hypervitaminosis D is the most common cause in dogs and other animal species. 2,14,15 Conditions often associated with hypercalcemia, such as paraneoplastic syndrome, chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, and others, might produce metastatic vascular mineralizations. 19 Calcification of vessels in association with normocalcemia is extremely rare in dogs and is thought to be of dystrophic origin.…”

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confidence: 99%

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