The Caries Experience and Behavior of Dental Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Caries levels among autistic children in Khartoum State, Sudan. A step towards improving the well-being of less fortunate children

“…There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.170). This is comparable with many other studies, such as those provided by Lowe et al [18], Kopel et al [19] and DeMattei et al [20] while the results of Cheen Y. Loo et al [21], Kamen et al [22] and Namal et al [16] found that the caries prevalence in autistic patients was lower than in non-autistic patients and in contrast Desai et al [12] found that children with autism had higher levels of dental caries when compared to non-autistic children. Regarding the caries prevalence among the autistic group in the primary dentition 27.3% have caries and 18.2% don't, in the mixed dentition 68.2% have caries and 59.1% don't and among the permanent dentition 4.5% have caries and 22.7% don't and this difference was significant P value (0.034).…”

Training Adults and Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder to be Compliant with a Clinical Dental Assessment Using a TEACCH-Based Approach

“…In the pre-test, 73.7 % of children and 67.6 % of adults showed a reluctant behavior (Frankl values 1 and 2); a similar percentage to that observed initially by Lowe and Jędrychowski (1987), Klein and Nowak (1999), Chaushu and Becker (2000), Marshall et al (2008), and Subramaniam and Gupta (2011) with 70, 72, 66.6, 65, and 65 %, respectively. The rest of the studies described somewhat lower percentages of initial negative behavior in these patients (Loo et al 2008;Harada and Nishino 2005). Only Murshid (2005) andDe Nova-Garcia (2007) found higher rates of negative behavior (85 and 100 %, respectively).…”

“…This scale has been used to evaluate behavior of patients with ASD on their first visit to the dentist (Klein and Nowak 1999;Loo et al 2008 (Marshall et al 2008) and, finally, to select patients for treatment under general anesthesia or sedation (Chaushu and Becker 2000;De Nova-García et al 2007).…”

“…Thus, the use of habitual dentistry material and techniques becomes extremely difficult and complex due to the existence of communication deficits, sensory modulation alterations and the attachment to invariable environments. This situation worsens if other comorbid conditions are present (ADHD, epilepsy or intellectual disability) (Friedlander et al 2006;Green and Flanagan 2008;Loo et al 2008). For all these reasons, these patients are submitted to general anesthesia or unnecessary high dose sedation, which may lead to different side effects such as nausea, vomits and obstruction of the superior respiratory conducts and other common anesthesia-associated risks (Boynes et al 2010;Lalwani et al 2007;Limeres-Posse et al 2003;Mochizuki et al 2007;Messieha 2009;Wang et al 2012).…”

“…For all these reasons, these patients are submitted to general anesthesia or unnecessary high dose sedation, which may lead to different side effects such as nausea, vomits and obstruction of the superior respiratory conducts and other common anesthesia-associated risks (Boynes et al 2010;Lalwani et al 2007;Limeres-Posse et al 2003;Mochizuki et al 2007;Messieha 2009;Wang et al 2012). Moreover, as a result of the above mentioned difficulties, these patients receive less dental care, which could result in more pathological dental conditions and a greater risk of loss of permanent teeth than other patients (Loo et al 2008;Namal et al 2007;Orellana et al 2012).…”