The carpal gland in wild swine: Functional evaluations

Bacchetta, Renato; Mantecca, Paride; Lattuada, L.; Quaglia, F.; Vailati, Giovanni; Apollonio, Marco

doi:10.1080/11250000600918100

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…No seasonal variation is size is observed in the males as reported by Farnesi et al [72], Heise-Pavlov et al [73]. Bacchetta et al [74] reported that males had more developed and functional glands than females, with the oldest males having the highest values of gland surface, gland thickness and tubule diameter. Marking with the metacarpal glands is performed by the animal leaning forward and pawing the ground with the bottoms of its front feet this action is somewhat reminiscent of a house cat stretching forward and clawing at a carpet with its front paws.…”

Section: Each Of the Aspects Of Wild Pig Behavior Is Discussed Separasupporting

confidence: 57%

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

Allwin¹,

Swaminathan²,

Mohanraj³

et al. 2016

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Wild pigs are the most prolific, very intelligent and secretive species that over the recent past has been in a lot of conflict terms with the humans. These animals are adaptive generalists and survive in wide range of habitats worldwide. The reproductive traits of wild pigs are extraordinary showing high prolificacy so it becomes impossible to control their population. These animals have adapted to become nocturnal proving it difficult to know about their behavior. However in order in spite of these challenges the main objectives of this study was to understand the behavior and ecology of this particular species to come up the control strategies. Thus basis for documenting and understanding the wild pig behavior has dramatically evolved, contributing significantly to our understanding of these animals. In general, however, the lack of intensive field studies was attributed to the fact that wild pigs were regarded everywhere as a pest. The wild pig groups usually known as sounder's were tracked and all findings were documented. The study period was about a year and the wild pigs were tracked and observed at the adjoining regions of the Eastern Ghats (Sathyamangalam region) and the Western Ghats (Mudumalai tiger reserve, Anaimalai tiger reserve) and of Tamil Nadu state during November, 2012 to October, 2014. A variety of behaviors were documented such as social unit organization, Habitat utilization, Daily activity patterns, Movement patterns, Modes of mobility, Home range, Male-male competition, Maternal behavior, Resting/loafing beds, Mannerism and attitudes, Vigilance behavior, Vocalizations, Wallowing, Rubbing, Symbiotic grooming behavior, Scent marking, Senses. At the end of the study we were able to precisely outlay the above the entire behavior attributes of wild pigs. These findings are necessary to understand the wild pigs and their vermin nature to combat crop raiding, eventually cutting down Human-Wild pig conflict, that will a more scientific method of conservation to avoid conflicts ending in tragic outcomes.

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Section: Each Of the Aspects Of Wild Pig Behavior Is Discussed Separasupporting

confidence: 57%

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

Allwin¹,

Swaminathan²,

Mohanraj³

et al. 2016

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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“…The carpal glands must be dissected out after slaughter to measure their size for study as previously reported (Bacchetta et al., 2007). However, in this study, CGDNs were counted as they are strongly and positively correlated with each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, it is invariable at maturity. The size of the carpal gland is affected by certain factors, such as body size and the reproductive cycle stage (Bacchetta et al., 2007), but the diverticular number remains invariable and unaffected by these factors at maturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic correlations of carpal gland diverticular number with production traits and its genome‐wide association analysis in multiple pig populations

Cui,

Li,

et al. 2024

Animal Genetics

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Pig carpal glands play crucial roles in territorial recognition, reproductive behavior, and information exchange; however, their effects on production traits and underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 1028 pigs from six populations were counted for the carpal gland diverticular numbers (CGDNs) on the left (CGDNL) and right (CGDNR) legs, and their carcass and meat quality traits were assessed. The CGDNs were significantly different among the populations, and Licha Black pigs had a lower CGDN than the Bama Xiang breed. It was also significantly different between sexes, with males having more diverticula than females (p ≤ 0.0391). Moreover, the number was asymmetric, with CGDNR being significantly higher than CGDNL. Notably, CGDNs was significantly correlated with each other in phenotype and genetics and with 24‐h pH, 24‐h meat color score, 24‐h marbling score, fat content, moisture content, sodium salt content, and saturated fatty acid content in phenotype. Furthermore, genome‐wide association analyses identified seven SNPs in association with CGDNs at a 5% genome‐wide significance level, all of which were located in a 1.78‐Mb (35.347–37.129 Mb) region on chromosome 1. CNC10010837 and CNC10010840 were the top SNPs: both had an additive effect of 0.789 ± 0.120 on CGDNR with p = 8.31E‐10. These findings provide important insights into the functions and underlying genetic mechanisms of swine carpal glands.

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“…The presence of odiferous secretions, specifically androstenone from salivary glands, has been related to breeding behavior in both wild and domestic pigs (Melrose et al 1971;Estes et al 1982;Graves 1984;Dorries et al 1991). Carpal glands from wild pigs were found to be generally more robust and complex than those of domestic pigs and likely play a role in breeding activity (Hraste and Stojković 1995;Farnesi et al 1999;Heise-Pavlov et al 2005;Bacchetta et al 2007). …”

Section: Physiological Senses Driving Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential

et al. 2017

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Populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are burgeoning around the globe, and they are currently the target of extensive research and management efforts. Wild pigs are a highly successful invasive species that cause extensive damage to agriculture and native plant and animal communities. Lethal control is the most common management strategy used to reduce wild pig populations and their damage, and many lethal strategies rely on luring wild pigs to a specific location. Most commonly, a food commodity such as corn or maize (Zea mays) is used for attracting wild pigs to a site, but baiting with food is sometimes prohibited under wildlife laws, and visitation can be variable due to availability of alternative foods, level of harassment by humans, and acceptance of novel food source, devices, and activity. Wild pigs are highly adaptable with refined senses that enable them to interact with their environment and conspecifics in a complex manner. Wild and domestic pigs share keen senses, though differences exist due to suppressed stimuli, evolutionary gains and losses, or other factors related to needs for survival and fitness. Wild pigs routinely rely on acute olfaction to locate food, detect predators, and communicate with conspecifics. A pig's sense of taste is also considered to be refined and more acute than that of humans. An abundance of evaluations regarding various attractants for wild pigs has been conducted over the last several decades; yet, a scarcity of conclusive results on which attractants to use when and where still exists. As such, we undertook a comprehensive review of available information on potential attractants that could be used to aid management strategies of wild pigs such as hunting/shooting, trapping, pharmaceutical delivery, or density estimation. To complete this review, we assimilated and synthesized the most relevant literature, provide recommendations, and identify attractant evaluation needs for the enhancement of the global management of wild pigs.

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The carpal gland in wild swine: Functional evaluations

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

Phenotypic correlations of carpal gland diverticular number with production traits and its genome‐wide association analysis in multiple pig populations

Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential

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